78 half of Property \ref{property:contractibility}. |
78 half of Property \ref{property:contractibility}. |
79 |
79 |
80 Next, we want the vector space $\bc_2(X)$ to capture ``the space of all relations |
80 Next, we want the vector space $\bc_2(X)$ to capture ``the space of all relations |
81 (redundancies, syzygies) among the |
81 (redundancies, syzygies) among the |
82 local relations encoded in $\bc_1(X)$''. |
82 local relations encoded in $\bc_1(X)$''. |
83 A $2$-blob diagram, comes in one of two types, disjoint and nested. |
83 A $2$-blob diagram comes in one of two types, disjoint and nested. |
84 A disjoint 2-blob diagram consists of |
84 A disjoint 2-blob diagram consists of |
85 \begin{itemize} |
85 \begin{itemize} |
86 \item A pair of closed balls (blobs) $B_1, B_2 \sub X$ with disjoint interiors. |
86 \item A pair of closed balls (blobs) $B_1, B_2 \sub X$ with disjoint interiors. |
87 \item A field $r \in \cF(X \setmin (B_1 \cup B_2); c_1, c_2)$ |
87 \item A field $r \in \cF(X \setmin (B_1 \cup B_2); c_1, c_2)$ |
88 (where $c_i \in \cF(\bd B_i)$). |
88 (where $c_i \in \cF(\bd B_i)$). |
188 Let $M_0 \to M_1 \to \cdots \to M_m = X$ be a gluing decomposition of $X$, |
188 Let $M_0 \to M_1 \to \cdots \to M_m = X$ be a gluing decomposition of $X$, |
189 and let $M_0^0,\ldots,M_0^k$ be the connected components of $M_0$. |
189 and let $M_0^0,\ldots,M_0^k$ be the connected components of $M_0$. |
190 We say that a field |
190 We say that a field |
191 $a\in \cF(X)$ is splittable along the decomposition if $a$ is the image |
191 $a\in \cF(X)$ is splittable along the decomposition if $a$ is the image |
192 under gluing and disjoint union of fields $a_i \in \cF(M_0^i)$, $0\le i\le k$. |
192 under gluing and disjoint union of fields $a_i \in \cF(M_0^i)$, $0\le i\le k$. |
193 Note that if $a$ is splittable in the sense then it makes sense to talk about the restriction of $a$ of any |
193 Note that if $a$ is splittable in this sense then it makes sense to talk about the restriction of $a$ to any |
194 component $M'_j$ of any $M_j$ of the decomposition. |
194 component $M'_j$ of any $M_j$ of the decomposition. |
195 |
195 |
196 In the example above, note that |
196 In the example above, note that |
197 \[ |
197 \[ |
198 A \sqcup B \sqcup C \sqcup D \to (A \cup B) \sqcup (C \cup D) \to A \cup B \cup C \cup D |
198 A \sqcup B \sqcup C \sqcup D \to (A \cup B) \sqcup (C \cup D) \to A \cup B \cup C \cup D |
207 %distinct blobs should either have disjoint interiors or be nested; |
207 %distinct blobs should either have disjoint interiors or be nested; |
208 %and the entire configuration should be compatible with some gluing decomposition of $X$. |
208 %and the entire configuration should be compatible with some gluing decomposition of $X$. |
209 \begin{defn} |
209 \begin{defn} |
210 \label{defn:configuration} |
210 \label{defn:configuration} |
211 A configuration of $k$ blobs in $X$ is an ordered collection of $k$ subsets $\{B_1, \ldots, B_k\}$ |
211 A configuration of $k$ blobs in $X$ is an ordered collection of $k$ subsets $\{B_1, \ldots, B_k\}$ |
212 of $X$ such that there exists a gluing decomposition $M_0 \to \cdots \to M_m = X$ of $X$ and |
212 of $X$ such that there exists a gluing decomposition $M_0 \to \cdots \to M_m = X$ of $X$ |
|
213 with the property that |
213 for each subset $B_i$ there is some $0 \leq l \leq m$ and some connected component $M_l'$ of |
214 for each subset $B_i$ there is some $0 \leq l \leq m$ and some connected component $M_l'$ of |
214 $M_l$ which is a ball, so $B_i$ is the image of $M_l'$ in $X$. |
215 $M_l$ which is a ball, such that $B_i$ is the image of $M_l'$ in $X$. |
215 We say that such a gluing decomposition |
216 We say that such a gluing decomposition |
216 is \emph{compatible} with the configuration. |
217 is \emph{compatible} with the configuration. |
217 A blob $B_i$ is a twig blob if no other blob $B_j$ is a strict subset of it. |
218 A blob $B_i$ is a twig blob if no other blob $B_j$ is a strict subset of it. |
218 \end{defn} |
219 \end{defn} |
219 In particular, this implies what we said about blobs above: |
220 In particular, this implies what we said about blobs above: |
227 |
228 |
228 Note that often the gluing decomposition for a configuration of blobs may just be the trivial one: |
229 Note that often the gluing decomposition for a configuration of blobs may just be the trivial one: |
229 if the boundaries of all the blobs cut $X$ into pieces which are all manifolds, |
230 if the boundaries of all the blobs cut $X$ into pieces which are all manifolds, |
230 we can just take $M_0$ to be these pieces, and $M_1 = X$. |
231 we can just take $M_0$ to be these pieces, and $M_1 = X$. |
231 |
232 |
232 In the informal description above, in the definition of a $k$-blob diagram we asked for any |
233 In the initial informal definition of a $k$-blob diagram above, we allowed any |
233 collection of $k$ balls which were pairwise disjoint or nested. |
234 collection of $k$ balls which were pairwise disjoint or nested. |
234 We now further insist that the balls are a configuration in the sense of Definition \ref{defn:configuration}. |
235 We now further require that the balls are a configuration in the sense of Definition \ref{defn:configuration}. |
235 Also, we asked for a local relation on each twig blob, and a field on the complement of the twig blobs; |
236 We also specified a local relation on each twig blob, and a field on the complement of the twig blobs; |
236 this is unsatisfactory because that complement need not be a manifold. Thus, the official definitions are |
237 this is unsatisfactory because that complement need not be a manifold. Thus, the official definitions are |
237 \begin{defn} |
238 \begin{defn} |
238 \label{defn:blob-diagram} |
239 \label{defn:blob-diagram} |
239 A $k$-blob diagram on $X$ consists of |
240 A $k$-blob diagram on $X$ consists of |
240 \begin{itemize} |
241 \begin{itemize} |
249 and it is really the restriction to $M_l'$ that must lie in the subspace $U(M_l')$. |
250 and it is really the restriction to $M_l'$ that must lie in the subspace $U(M_l')$. |
250 \end{defn} |
251 \end{defn} |
251 \begin{figure}[t]\begin{equation*} |
252 \begin{figure}[t]\begin{equation*} |
252 \mathfig{.7}{definition/k-blobs} |
253 \mathfig{.7}{definition/k-blobs} |
253 \end{equation*}\caption{A $k$-blob diagram.}\label{blobkdiagram}\end{figure} |
254 \end{equation*}\caption{A $k$-blob diagram.}\label{blobkdiagram}\end{figure} |
254 and |
255 |
255 \begin{defn} |
256 \begin{defn} |
256 \label{defn:blobs} |
257 \label{defn:blobs} |
257 The $k$-th vector space $\bc_k(X)$ of the \emph{blob complex} of $X$ is the direct sum over all |
258 The $k$-th vector space $\bc_k(X)$ of the \emph{blob complex} of $X$ is the direct sum over all |
258 configurations of $k$ blobs in $X$ of the vector space of $k$-blob diagrams with that configuration, |
259 configurations of $k$ blobs in $X$ of the vector space of $k$-blob diagrams with that configuration, |
259 modulo identifying the vector spaces for configurations that only differ by a permutation of the blobs |
260 modulo identifying the vector spaces for configurations that only differ by a permutation of the blobs |
285 \begin{itemize} |
286 \begin{itemize} |
286 \item $p(\emptyset) = pt$, where $\emptyset$ denotes a 0-blob diagram or empty tree; |
287 \item $p(\emptyset) = pt$, where $\emptyset$ denotes a 0-blob diagram or empty tree; |
287 \item $p(a \du b) = p(a) \times p(b)$, where $a \du b$ denotes the distant (non-overlapping) union |
288 \item $p(a \du b) = p(a) \times p(b)$, where $a \du b$ denotes the distant (non-overlapping) union |
288 of two blob diagrams (equivalently, join two trees at the roots); and |
289 of two blob diagrams (equivalently, join two trees at the roots); and |
289 \item $p(\bar{b}) = \kone(p(b))$, where $\bar{b}$ is obtained from $b$ by adding an outer blob which |
290 \item $p(\bar{b}) = \kone(p(b))$, where $\bar{b}$ is obtained from $b$ by adding an outer blob which |
290 encloses all the others (equivalently, add a new edge to the root, with the new vertex becoming the root). |
291 encloses all the others (equivalently, add a new edge to the root, with the new vertex becoming the root |
|
292 of the new tree). |
291 \end{itemize} |
293 \end{itemize} |
292 For example, a diagram of $k$ strictly nested blobs corresponds to a $k$-simplex, while |
294 For example, a diagram of $k$ strictly nested blobs corresponds to a $k$-simplex, while |
293 a diagram of $k$ disjoint blobs corresponds to a $k$-cube. |
295 a diagram of $k$ disjoint blobs corresponds to a $k$-cube. |
294 (When the fields come from an $n$-category, this correspondence works best if we think of each |
296 (When the fields come from an $n$-category, this correspondence works best if we think of each |
295 twig label $u_i$ as having the form |
297 twig label $u_i$ as having the form |