text/hochschild.tex
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     1 %!TEX root = ../blob1.tex
       
     2 
     1 In this section we analyze the blob complex in dimension $n=1$
     3 In this section we analyze the blob complex in dimension $n=1$
     2 and find that for $S^1$ the homology of the blob complex is the
     4 and find that for $S^1$ the blob complex is homotopy equivalent to the 
     3 Hochschild homology of the category (algebroid) that we started with.
     5 Hochschild complex of the category (algebroid) that we started with.
     4 \nn{or maybe say here that the complexes are quasi-isomorphic?  in general,
       
     5 should perhaps put more emphasis on the complexes and less on the homology.}
       
     6 
       
     7 Notation: $HB_i(X) = H_i(\bc_*(X))$.
       
     8 
       
     9 Let us first note that there is no loss of generality in assuming that our system of
       
    10 fields comes from a category.
       
    11 (Or maybe (???) there {\it is} a loss of generality.
       
    12 Given any system of fields, $A(I; a, b) = \cC(I; a, b)/U(I; a, b)$ can be
       
    13 thought of as the morphisms of a 1-category $C$.
       
    14 More specifically, the objects of $C$ are $\cC(pt)$, the morphisms from $a$ to $b$
       
    15 are $A(I; a, b)$, and composition is given by gluing.
       
    16 If we instead take our fields to be $C$-pictures, the $\cC(pt)$ does not change
       
    17 and neither does $A(I; a, b) = HB_0(I; a, b)$.
       
    18 But what about $HB_i(I; a, b)$ for $i > 0$?
       
    19 Might these higher blob homology groups be different?
       
    20 Seems unlikely, but I don't feel like trying to prove it at the moment.
       
    21 In any case, we'll concentrate on the case of fields based on 1-category
       
    22 pictures for the rest of this section.)
       
    23 
       
    24 (Another question: $\bc_*(I)$ is an $A_\infty$-category.
       
    25 How general of an $A_\infty$-category is it?
       
    26 Given an arbitrary $A_\infty$-category can one find fields and local relations so
       
    27 that $\bc_*(I)$ is in some sense equivalent to the original $A_\infty$-category?
       
    28 Probably not, unless we generalize to the case where $n$-morphisms are complexes.)
       
    29 
       
    30 Continuing...
       
    31 
     6 
    32 Let $C$ be a *-1-category.
     7 Let $C$ be a *-1-category.
    33 Then specializing the definitions from above to the case $n=1$ we have:
     8 Then specializing the definitions from above to the case $n=1$ we have:
    34 \begin{itemize}
     9 \begin{itemize}
    35 \item $\cC(pt) = \ob(C)$ .
    10 \item $\cC(pt) = \ob(C)$ .
    48 Then the kernel of the evaluation map $U(I; a, b)$ is generated by things of the
    23 Then the kernel of the evaluation map $U(I; a, b)$ is generated by things of the
    49 form $y - \chi(e(y))$.
    24 form $y - \chi(e(y))$.
    50 Thus we can, if we choose, restrict the blob twig labels to things of this form.
    25 Thus we can, if we choose, restrict the blob twig labels to things of this form.
    51 \end{itemize}
    26 \end{itemize}
    52 
    27 
    53 We want to show that $HB_*(S^1)$ is naturally isomorphic to the
    28 We want to show that $\bc_*(S^1)$ is homotopy equivalent to the
    54 Hochschild homology of $C$.
    29 Hochschild complex of $C$.
    55 \nn{Or better that the complexes are homotopic
    30 (Note that both complexes are free (and hence projective), so it suffices to show that they
    56 or quasi-isomorphic.}
    31 are quasi-isomorphic.)
    57 In order to prove this we will need to extend the blob complex to allow points to also
    32 In order to prove this we will need to extend the blob complex to allow points to also
    58 be labeled by elements of $C$-$C$-bimodules.
    33 be labeled by elements of $C$-$C$-bimodules.
    59 %Given an interval (1-ball) so labeled, there is an evaluation map to some tensor product
    34 
    60 %(over $C$) of $C$-$C$-bimodules.
       
    61 %Define the local relations $U(I; a, b)$ to be the direct sum of the kernels of these maps.
       
    62 %Now we can define the blob complex for $S^1$.
       
    63 %This complex is the sum of complexes with a fixed cyclic tuple of bimodules present.
       
    64 %If $M$ is a $C$-$C$-bimodule, let $G_*(M)$ denote the summand of $\bc_*(S^1)$ corresponding
       
    65 %to the cyclic 1-tuple $(M)$.
       
    66 %In other words, $G_*(M)$ is a blob-like complex where exactly one point is labeled
       
    67 %by an element of $M$ and the remaining points are labeled by morphisms of $C$.
       
    68 %It's clear that $G_*(C)$ is isomorphic to the original bimodule-less
       
    69 %blob complex for $S^1$.
       
    70 %\nn{Is it really so clear?  Should say more.}
       
    71 
       
    72 %\nn{alternative to the above paragraph:}
       
    73 Fix points $p_1, \ldots, p_k \in S^1$ and $C$-$C$-bimodules $M_1, \ldots M_k$.
    35 Fix points $p_1, \ldots, p_k \in S^1$ and $C$-$C$-bimodules $M_1, \ldots M_k$.
    74 We define a blob-like complex $K_*(S^1, (p_i), (M_i))$.
    36 We define a blob-like complex $K_*(S^1, (p_i), (M_i))$.
    75 The fields have elements of $M_i$ labeling $p_i$ and elements of $C$ labeling
    37 The fields have elements of $M_i$ labeling $p_i$ and elements of $C$ labeling
    76 other points.
    38 other points.
    77 The blob twig labels lie in kernels of evaluation maps.
    39 The blob twig labels lie in kernels of evaluation maps.
    78 (The range of these evaluation maps is a tensor product (over $C$) of $M_i$'s.)
    40 (The range of these evaluation maps is a tensor product (over $C$) of $M_i$'s.)
    79 Let $K_*(M) = K_*(S^1, (*), (M))$, where $* \in S^1$ is some standard base point.
    41 Let $K_*(M) = K_*(S^1, (*), (M))$, where $* \in S^1$ is some standard base point.
    80 In other words, fields for $K_*(M)$ have an element of $M$ at the fixed point $*$
    42 In other words, fields for $K_*(M)$ have an element of $M$ at the fixed point $*$
    81 and elements of $C$ at variable other points.
    43 and elements of $C$ at variable other points.
    82 
    44 
    83 \todo{Some orphaned questions:}
       
    84 \nn{Or maybe we should claim that $M \to K_*(M)$ is the/a derived coend.
       
    85 Or maybe that $K_*(M)$ is quasi-isomorphic (or perhaps homotopic) to the Hochschild
       
    86 complex of $M$.}
       
    87 
       
    88 \nn{What else needs to be said to establish quasi-isomorphism to Hochschild complex?
       
    89 Do we need a map from hoch to blob?
       
    90 Does the above exactness and contractibility guarantee such a map without writing it
       
    91 down explicitly?
       
    92 Probably it's worth writing down an explicit map even if we don't need to.}
       
    93 
       
    94 
    45 
    95 We claim that
    46 We claim that
    96 \begin{thm}
    47 \begin{thm}
    97 The blob complex $\bc_*(S^1; C)$ on the circle is quasi-isomorphic to the
    48 The blob complex $\bc_*(S^1; C)$ on the circle is quasi-isomorphic to the
    98 usual Hochschild complex for $C$.
    49 usual Hochschild complex for $C$.
    99 \end{thm}
    50 \end{thm}
   100 
       
   101 \nn{Note that since both complexes are free (in particular, projective),
       
   102 quasi-isomorphic implies homotopy equivalent.  
       
   103 This applies to the two claims below also.
       
   104 Thanks to Peter Teichner for pointing this out to me.}
       
   105 
    51 
   106 This follows from two results. First, we see that
    52 This follows from two results. First, we see that
   107 \begin{lem}
    53 \begin{lem}
   108 \label{lem:module-blob}%
    54 \label{lem:module-blob}%
   109 The complex $K_*(C)$ (here $C$ is being thought of as a
    55 The complex $K_*(C)$ (here $C$ is being thought of as a
   209 
   155 
   210 \begin{proof}[Proof of Lemma \ref{lem:module-blob}]
   156 \begin{proof}[Proof of Lemma \ref{lem:module-blob}]
   211 We show that $K_*(C)$ is quasi-isomorphic to $\bc_*(S^1)$.
   157 We show that $K_*(C)$ is quasi-isomorphic to $\bc_*(S^1)$.
   212 $K_*(C)$ differs from $\bc_*(S^1)$ only in that the base point *
   158 $K_*(C)$ differs from $\bc_*(S^1)$ only in that the base point *
   213 is always a labeled point in $K_*(C)$, while in $\bc_*(S^1)$ it may or may not be.
   159 is always a labeled point in $K_*(C)$, while in $\bc_*(S^1)$ it may or may not be.
   214 In other words, there is an inclusion map $i: K_*(C) \to \bc_*(S^1)$.
   160 In particular, there is an inclusion map $i: K_*(C) \to \bc_*(S^1)$.
   215 
   161 
   216 We define a left inverse $s: \bc_*(S^1) \to K_*(C)$ to the inclusion as follows.
   162 We define a left inverse $s: \bc_*(S^1) \to K_*(C)$ to the inclusion as follows.
   217 If $y$ is a field defined on a neighborhood of *, define $s(y) = y$ if
   163 If $y$ is a field defined on a neighborhood of *, define $s(y) = y$ if
   218 * is a labeled point in $y$.
   164 * is a labeled point in $y$.
   219 Otherwise, define $s(y)$ to be the result of adding a label 1 (identity morphism) at *.
   165 Otherwise, define $s(y)$ to be the result of adding a label 1 (identity morphism) at *.
   223 It is easy to check that $s$ is a chain map and $s \circ i = \id$.
   169 It is easy to check that $s$ is a chain map and $s \circ i = \id$.
   224 
   170 
   225 Let $L_*^\ep \sub \bc_*(S^1)$ be the subcomplex where there are no labeled points
   171 Let $L_*^\ep \sub \bc_*(S^1)$ be the subcomplex where there are no labeled points
   226 in a neighborhood $B_\ep$ of $*$, except perhaps $*$, and $B_\ep$ is either disjoint from or contained in every blob.
   172 in a neighborhood $B_\ep$ of $*$, except perhaps $*$, and $B_\ep$ is either disjoint from or contained in every blob.
   227 Note that for any chain $x \in \bc_*(S^1)$, $x \in L_*^\ep$ for sufficiently small $\ep$.
   173 Note that for any chain $x \in \bc_*(S^1)$, $x \in L_*^\ep$ for sufficiently small $\ep$.
   228 \nn{rest of argument goes similarly to above}
       
   229 
   174 
   230 We define a degree $1$ chain map $j_\ep: L_*^\ep \to L_*^\ep$ as follows. Let $x \in L_*^\ep$ be a blob diagram.
   175 We define a degree $1$ chain map $j_\ep: L_*^\ep \to L_*^\ep$ as follows. Let $x \in L_*^\ep$ be a blob diagram.
   231 If $*$ is not contained in any twig blob, we define $j_\ep(x)$ by adding $B_\ep$ as a new twig blob, with label $y - s(y)$ where $y$ is the restriction
   176 If $*$ is not contained in any twig blob, we define $j_\ep(x)$ by adding $B_\ep$ as a new twig blob, with label $y - s(y)$ where $y$ is the restriction
   232 of $x$ to $B_\ep$. If $*$ is contained in a twig blob $B$ with label $u=\sum z_i$,
   177 of $x$ to $B_\ep$. If $*$ is contained in a twig blob $B$ with label $u=\sum z_i$,
   233 write $y_i$ for the restriction of $z_i$ to $B_\ep$, and let
   178 write $y_i$ for the restriction of $z_i$ to $B_\ep$, and let