text/hochschild.tex
changeset 165 5234b7329042
parent 141 e1d24be683bb
child 217 d13df7f3b2de
equal deleted inserted replaced
164:f1972f473eef 165:5234b7329042
   217 \end{proof}
   217 \end{proof}
   218 
   218 
   219 \begin{proof}[Proof of Lemma \ref{lem:hochschild-exact}]
   219 \begin{proof}[Proof of Lemma \ref{lem:hochschild-exact}]
   220 We now prove that $K_*$ is an exact functor.
   220 We now prove that $K_*$ is an exact functor.
   221 
   221 
   222 %\todo{p. 1478 of scott's notes}
       
   223 Essentially, this comes down to the unsurprising fact that the functor on $C$-$C$ bimodules
   222 Essentially, this comes down to the unsurprising fact that the functor on $C$-$C$ bimodules
   224 \begin{equation*}
   223 \begin{equation*}
   225 M \mapsto \ker(C \tensor M \tensor C \xrightarrow{c_1 \tensor m \tensor c_2 \mapsto c_1 m c_2} M)
   224 M \mapsto \ker(C \tensor M \tensor C \xrightarrow{c_1 \tensor m \tensor c_2 \mapsto c_1 m c_2} M)
   226 \end{equation*}
   225 \end{equation*}
   227 is exact. For completeness we'll explain this below.
   226 is exact. For completeness we'll explain this below.
   228 
   227 
   229 Suppose we have a short exact sequence of $C$-$C$ bimodules $$\xymatrix{0 \ar[r] & K \ar@{^{(}->}[r]^f & E \ar@{->>}[r]^g & Q \ar[r] & 0}.$$
   228 Suppose we have a short exact sequence of $C$-$C$ bimodules $$\xymatrix{0 \ar[r] & K \ar@{^{(}->}[r]^f & E \ar@{->>}[r]^g & Q \ar[r] & 0}.$$
   230 We'll write $\hat{f}$ and $\hat{g}$ for the image of $f$ and $g$ under the functor.
   229 We'll write $\hat{f}$ and $\hat{g}$ for the image of $f$ and $g$ under the functor, so $\hat{f}(a \tensor k \tensor b) = a \tensor f(k) \tensor b$, and similarly for $\hat{g}$.
   231 Most of what we need to check is easy.
   230 Most of what we need to check is easy.
   232 \nn{don't we need to consider sums here, e.g. $\sum_i(a_i\ot k_i\ot b_i)$ ?}
   231 Suppose we have $\sum_i (a_i \tensor k_i \tensor b_i) \in \ker(C \tensor K \tensor C \to K)$, assuming without loss of generality that $\{a_i \tensor b_i\}_i$ is linearly independent in $C \tensor C$, and $\hat{f}(a \tensor k \tensor b) = 0 \in \ker(C \tensor E \tensor C \to E)$. We must then have $f(k_i) = 0 \in E$ for each $i$, which implies $k_i=0$ itself. 
   233 If $(a \tensor k \tensor b) \in \ker(C \tensor K \tensor C \to K)$, to have $\hat{f}(a \tensor k \tensor b) = 0 \in \ker(C \tensor E \tensor C \to E)$, we must have $f(k) = 0 \in E$, which implies $k=0$ itself. If $(a \tensor e \tensor b) \in \ker(C \tensor E \tensor C \to E)$ is in the image of $\ker(C \tensor K \tensor C \to K)$ under $\hat{f}$, clearly
   232 If $\sum_i (a \tensor e \tensor b) \in \ker(C \tensor E \tensor C \to E)$ is in the image of $\ker(C \tensor K \tensor C \to K)$ under $\hat{f}$, again by assuming the set  $\{a_i \tensor b_i\}_i$ is linearly independent we can deduce that each
   234 $e$ is in the image of the original $f$, so is in the kernel of the original $g$, and so $\hat{g}(a \tensor e \tensor b) = 0$.
   233 $e_i$ is in the image of the original $f$, and so is in the kernel of the original $g$, and so $\hat{g}(\sum_i a_i \tensor e_i \tensor b_i) = 0$.
   235 If $\hat{g}(a \tensor e \tensor b) = 0$, then $g(e) = 0$, so $e = f(\widetilde{e})$ for some $\widetilde{e} \in K$, and $a \tensor e \tensor b = \hat{f}(a \tensor \widetilde{e} \tensor b)$.
   234 If $\hat{g}(\sum_i a_i \tensor e_i \tensor b_i) = 0$, then each $g(e_i) = 0$, so $e_i = f(\widetilde{e_i})$ for some $\widetilde{e_i} \in K$, and $\sum_i a_i \tensor e_i \tensor b_i = \hat{f}(\sum_i a_i \tensor \widetilde{e_i} \tensor b_i)$.
   236 Finally, the interesting step is in checking that any $q = \sum_i a_i \tensor q_i \tensor b_i$ such that $\sum_i a_i q_i b_i = 0$ is in the image of $\ker(C \tensor E \tensor C \to C)$ under $\hat{g}$.
   235 Finally, the interesting step is in checking that any $q = \sum_i a_i \tensor q_i \tensor b_i$ such that $\sum_i a_i q_i b_i = 0$ is in the image of $\ker(C \tensor E \tensor C \to C)$ under $\hat{g}$.
   237 For each $i$, we can find $\widetilde{q_i}$ so $g(\widetilde{q_i}) = q_i$. However $\sum_i a_i \widetilde{q_i} b_i$ need not be zero.
   236 For each $i$, we can find $\widetilde{q_i}$ so $g(\widetilde{q_i}) = q_i$. However $\sum_i a_i \widetilde{q_i} b_i$ need not be zero.
   238 Consider then $$\widetilde{q} = \sum_i (a_i \tensor \widetilde{q_i} \tensor b_i) - 1 \tensor (\sum_i a_i \widetilde{q_i} b_i) \tensor 1.$$ Certainly
   237 Consider then $$\widetilde{q} = \sum_i (a_i \tensor \widetilde{q_i} \tensor b_i) - 1 \tensor (\sum_i a_i \widetilde{q_i} b_i) \tensor 1.$$ Certainly
   239 $\widetilde{q} \in \ker(C \tensor E \tensor C \to E)$. Further,
   238 $\widetilde{q} \in \ker(C \tensor E \tensor C \to E)$. Further,
   240 \begin{align*}
   239 \begin{align*}
   253 \tensor C \tensor \ker(C \tensor C \to M)$) are all still exact.
   252 \tensor C \tensor \ker(C \tensor C \to M)$) are all still exact.
   254 
   253 
   255 Finally, then we see that the functor $K_*$ is simply an (infinite)
   254 Finally, then we see that the functor $K_*$ is simply an (infinite)
   256 direct sum of copies of this sort of functor. The direct sum is indexed by
   255 direct sum of copies of this sort of functor. The direct sum is indexed by
   257 configurations of nested blobs and of labels; for each such configuration, we have one of the above tensor product functors,
   256 configurations of nested blobs and of labels; for each such configuration, we have one of the above tensor product functors,
   258 with the labels of twig blobs corresponding to tensor factors as in \eqref{eq:ker-functor} or $\ker(C^{\tensor k} \to C)$, and all other labelled points corresponding
   257 with the labels of twig blobs corresponding to tensor factors as in \eqref{eq:ker-functor} or $\ker(C^{\tensor k} \to C)$ (depending on whether they contain a marked point $p_i$), and all other labelled points corresponding
   259 to tensor factors of $C$.
   258 to tensor factors of $C$ and $M$.
   260 \end{proof}
   259 \end{proof}
   261 \begin{proof}[Proof of Lemma \ref{lem:hochschild-coinvariants}]
   260 \begin{proof}[Proof of Lemma \ref{lem:hochschild-coinvariants}]
   262 We show that $H_0(K_*(M))$ is isomorphic to the coinvariants of $M$.
   261 We show that $H_0(K_*(M))$ is isomorphic to the coinvariants of $M$.
   263 
   262 
   264 We define a map $\ev: K_0(M) \to M$. If $x \in K_0(M)$ has the label $m \in M$ at $*$, and labels $c_i \in C$ at the other labeled points of $S^1$, reading clockwise from $*$,
   263 We define a map $\ev: K_0(M) \to M$. If $x \in K_0(M)$ has the label $m \in M$ at $*$, and labels $c_i \in C$ at the other labeled points of $S^1$, reading clockwise from $*$,