text/a_inf_blob.tex
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    18 \subsection{The small blob complex}
    18 \subsection{The small blob complex}
    19 
    19 
    20 \input{text/smallblobs}
    20 \input{text/smallblobs}
    21 
    21 
    22 \subsection{A product formula}
    22 \subsection{A product formula}
       
    23 \label{ss:product-formula}
       
    24 
       
    25 \noop{
       
    26 Let $Y$ be a $k$-manifold, $F$ be an $n{-}k$-manifold, and 
       
    27 \[
       
    28 	E = Y\times F .
       
    29 \]
       
    30 Let $\cC$ be an $n$-category.
       
    31 Let $\cF$ be the $k$-category of Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}, 
       
    32 \[
       
    33 	\cF(X) = \cC(X\times F)
       
    34 \]
       
    35 for $X$ an $m$-ball with $m\le k$.
       
    36 }
       
    37 
       
    38 \nn{need to settle on notation; proof and statement are inconsistent}
    23 
    39 
    24 \begin{thm} \label{product_thm}
    40 \begin{thm} \label{product_thm}
    25 Given a topological $n$-category $C$ and a $n{-}k$-manifold $F$, recall from Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls} that there is an  $A_\infty$ $k$-category $C^{\times F}$ defined by
    41 Given a topological $n$-category $C$ and a $n{-}k$-manifold $F$, recall from Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls} that there is an  $A_\infty$ $k$-category $C^{\times F}$ defined by
    26 \begin{equation*}
    42 \begin{equation*}
    27 C^{\times F}(B) = \cB_*(B \times F, C).
    43 C^{\times F}(B) = \cB_*(B \times F, C).
    28 \end{equation*}
    44 \end{equation*}
    29 Now, given a $k$-manifold $Y$, there is a homotopy equivalence between the `old-fashioned' blob complex for $Y \times F$ with coefficients in $C$ and the `new-fangled' (i.e. homotopy colimit) blob complex for $Y$ with coefficients in $C^{\times F}$:
    45 Now, given a $k$-manifold $Y$, there is a homotopy equivalence between the `old-fashioned' blob complex for $Y \times F$ with coefficients in $C$ and the `new-fangled' (i.e.\ homotopy colimit) blob complex for $Y$ with coefficients in $C^{\times F}$:
    30 \begin{align*}
    46 \begin{align*}
    31 \cB_*(Y \times F, C) & \htpy \cB_*(Y, C^{\times F})
    47 \cB_*(Y \times F, C) & \htpy \cB_*(Y, C^{\times F})
    32 \end{align*}
    48 \end{align*}
    33 \end{thm}
    49 \end{thm}
    34 
    50 
    35 \nn{To do: remark on the case of a nontrivial fiber bundle.  
    51 
    36 I can think of two approaches.
    52 \begin{proof}%[Proof of Theorem \ref{product_thm}]
    37 In the first (slick but maybe a little too tautological), we generalize the 
       
    38 notion of an $n$-category to an $n$-category {\it over a space $B$}.
       
    39 (Should be able to find precedent for this in a paper of PT.
       
    40 This idea came up in a conversation with him, so maybe should site him.)
       
    41 In this generalization, we replace the categories of balls with the categories 
       
    42 of balls equipped with maps to $B$.
       
    43 A fiber bundle $F\to E\to B$ gives an example of such an $n$-category:
       
    44 assign to $p:D\to B$ the blob complex $\bc_*(p^*(E))$.
       
    45 We can do the colimit thing over $B$ with coefficients in a n-cat-over-B.
       
    46 The proof below works essentially unchanged in this case to show that the colimit is the blob complex of the total space $E$.
       
    47 }
       
    48 
       
    49 \nn{The second approach: Choose a decomposition $B = \cup X_i$
       
    50 such that the restriction of $E$ to $X_i$ is a product $F\times X_i$.
       
    51 Choose the product structure as well.
       
    52 To each codim-1 face $D_i\cap D_j$ we have a bimodule ($S^0$-module).
       
    53 And more generally to each codim-$j$ face we have an $S^{j-1}$-module.
       
    54 Decorate the decomposition with these modules and do the colimit.
       
    55 }
       
    56 
       
    57 \nn{There is a version of this last construction for arbitrary maps $E \to B$
       
    58 (not necessarily a fibration).}
       
    59 
       
    60 
       
    61 \begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{product_thm}]
       
    62 We will use the concrete description of the colimit from Subsection \ref{ss:ncat_fields}.
    53 We will use the concrete description of the colimit from Subsection \ref{ss:ncat_fields}.
    63 
    54 
    64 First we define a map 
    55 First we define a map 
    65 \[
    56 \[
    66 	\psi: \bc_*^\cF(Y) \to \bc_*^C(Y\times F) .
    57 	\psi: \bc_*^\cF(Y) \to \bc_*^C(Y\times F) .
    76 	\phi: \bc_*^C(Y\times F) \to \bc_*^\cF(Y) .
    67 	\phi: \bc_*^C(Y\times F) \to \bc_*^\cF(Y) .
    77 \]
    68 \]
    78 Actually, we will define it on the homotopy equivalent subcomplex
    69 Actually, we will define it on the homotopy equivalent subcomplex
    79 $\cS_* \sub \bc_*^C(Y\times F)$ generated by blob diagrams which are small with 
    70 $\cS_* \sub \bc_*^C(Y\times F)$ generated by blob diagrams which are small with 
    80 respect to some open cover
    71 respect to some open cover
    81 of $Y\times F$.
    72 of $Y\times F$
    82 \nn{need reference to small blob lemma}
    73 (Proposition \ref{thm:small-blobs}).
    83 We will have to show eventually that this is independent (up to homotopy) of the choice of cover.
    74 We will have to show eventually that this is independent (up to homotopy) of the choice of cover.
    84 Also, for a fixed choice of cover we will only be able to define the map for blob degree less than
    75 Also, for a fixed choice of cover we will only be able to define the map for blob degree less than
    85 some bound, but this bound goes to infinity as the cover become finer.
    76 some bound, but this bound goes to infinity as the cover become finer.
    86 
    77 
    87 Given a decomposition $K$ of $Y$ into $k$-balls $X_i$, let $K\times F$ denote the corresponding
    78 Given a decomposition $K$ of $Y$ into $k$-balls $X_i$, let $K\times F$ denote the corresponding
    94 
    85 
    95 We will define $\phi$ using a variant of the method of acyclic models.
    86 We will define $\phi$ using a variant of the method of acyclic models.
    96 Let $a\in \cS_m$ be a blob diagram on $Y\times F$.
    87 Let $a\in \cS_m$ be a blob diagram on $Y\times F$.
    97 For $m$ sufficiently small there exists a decomposition $K$ of $Y$ into $k$-balls such that the
    88 For $m$ sufficiently small there exists a decomposition $K$ of $Y$ into $k$-balls such that the
    98 codimension 1 cells of $K\times F$ miss the blobs of $a$, and more generally such that $a$ is splittable along (the codimension-1 part of) $K\times F$.
    89 codimension 1 cells of $K\times F$ miss the blobs of $a$, and more generally such that $a$ is splittable along (the codimension-1 part of) $K\times F$.
    99 Let $D(a)$ denote the subcomplex of $\bc_*^\cF(Y)$ generated by all $(a, \bar{K})$
    90 Let $D(a)$ denote the subcomplex of $\bc_*^\cF(Y)$ generated by all $(a, \ol{K})$
   100 such that each $K_i$ has the aforementioned splittable property
    91 such that each $K_i$ has the aforementioned splittable property.
   101 (see Subsection \ref{ss:ncat_fields}).
    92 (Recall that $\ol{K} = (K_0,\ldots,K_l)$ denotes a chain of decompositions;
   102 \nn{need to define $D(a)$ more clearly; also includes $(b_j, \bar{K})$ where
    93 see Subsection \ref{ss:ncat_fields}.)
       
    94 \nn{need to define $D(a)$ more clearly; also includes $(b_j, \ol{K})$ where
   103 $\bd(a) = \sum b_j$.}
    95 $\bd(a) = \sum b_j$.}
   104 (By $(a, \bar{K})$ we really mean $(a^\sharp, \bar{K})$, where $a^\sharp$ is 
    96 (By $(a, \ol{K})$ we really mean $(a^\sharp, \ol{K})$, where $a^\sharp$ is 
   105 $a$ split according to $K_0\times F$.
    97 $a$ split according to $K_0\times F$.
   106 To simplify notation we will just write plain $a$ instead of $a^\sharp$.)
    98 To simplify notation we will just write plain $a$ instead of $a^\sharp$.)
   107 Roughly speaking, $D(a)$ consists of filtration degree 0 stuff which glues up to give
    99 Roughly speaking, $D(a)$ consists of filtration degree 0 stuff which glues up to give
   108 $a$, filtration degree 1 stuff which makes all of the filtration degree 0 stuff homologous, 
   100 $a$, filtration degree 1 stuff which makes all of the filtration degree 0 stuff homologous, 
   109 filtration degree 2 stuff which kills the homology created by the 
   101 filtration degree 2 stuff which kills the homology created by the 
   218 
   210 
   219 \nn{need to say (and justify) that we now have a map $\phi$ indep of choice of cover}
   211 \nn{need to say (and justify) that we now have a map $\phi$ indep of choice of cover}
   220 
   212 
   221 We now show that $\phi\circ\psi$ and $\psi\circ\phi$ are homotopic to the identity.
   213 We now show that $\phi\circ\psi$ and $\psi\circ\phi$ are homotopic to the identity.
   222 
   214 
   223 $\psi\circ\phi$ is the identity.  $\phi$ takes a blob diagram $a$ and chops it into pieces 
   215 $\psi\circ\phi$ is the identity on the nose.  
       
   216 $\phi$ takes a blob diagram $a$ and chops it into pieces 
   224 according to some decomposition $K$ of $Y$.
   217 according to some decomposition $K$ of $Y$.
   225 $\psi$ glues those pieces back together, yielding the same $a$ we started with.
   218 $\psi$ glues those pieces back together, yielding the same $a$ we started with.
   226 
   219 
   227 $\phi\circ\psi$ is the identity up to homotopy by another MoAM argument...
   220 $\phi\circ\psi$ is the identity up to homotopy by another MoAM argument...
   228 
   221 
   241 \begin{proof}
   234 \begin{proof}
   242 Apply Theorem \ref{product_thm} with the fiber $F$ equal to a point.
   235 Apply Theorem \ref{product_thm} with the fiber $F$ equal to a point.
   243 \end{proof}
   236 \end{proof}
   244 
   237 
   245 \medskip
   238 \medskip
       
   239 
       
   240 \nn{To do: remark on the case of a nontrivial fiber bundle.  
       
   241 I can think of two approaches.
       
   242 In the first (slick but maybe a little too tautological), we generalize the 
       
   243 notion of an $n$-category to an $n$-category {\it over a space $B$}.
       
   244 (Should be able to find precedent for this in a paper of PT.
       
   245 This idea came up in a conversation with him, so maybe should site him.)
       
   246 In this generalization, we replace the categories of balls with the categories 
       
   247 of balls equipped with maps to $B$.
       
   248 A fiber bundle $F\to E\to B$ gives an example of such an $n$-category:
       
   249 assign to $p:D\to B$ the blob complex $\bc_*(p^*(E))$.
       
   250 We can do the colimit thing over $B$ with coefficients in a n-cat-over-B.
       
   251 The proof below works essentially unchanged in this case to show that the colimit is the blob complex of the total space $E$.
       
   252 }
       
   253 
       
   254 \nn{The second approach: Choose a decomposition $B = \cup X_i$
       
   255 such that the restriction of $E$ to $X_i$ is a product $F\times X_i$.
       
   256 Choose the product structure as well.
       
   257 To each codim-1 face $D_i\cap D_j$ we have a bimodule ($S^0$-module).
       
   258 And more generally to each codim-$j$ face we have an $S^{j-1}$-module.
       
   259 Decorate the decomposition with these modules and do the colimit.
       
   260 }
       
   261 
       
   262 \nn{There is a version of this last construction for arbitrary maps $E \to B$
       
   263 (not necessarily a fibration).}
       
   264 
       
   265 
   246 
   266 
   247 \subsection{A gluing theorem}
   267 \subsection{A gluing theorem}
   248 \label{sec:gluing}
   268 \label{sec:gluing}
   249 
   269 
   250 Next we prove a gluing theorem.
   270 Next we prove a gluing theorem.