pnas/pnas.tex
changeset 661 6345c3679795
parent 660 2138fbf11ef8
child 662 57bd9fab3827
equal deleted inserted replaced
660:2138fbf11ef8 661:6345c3679795
   612 A cone-product polyhedra is obtained from a point by successively taking the cone or taking the 
   612 A cone-product polyhedra is obtained from a point by successively taking the cone or taking the 
   613 product with another cone-product polyhedron. Just as simplices correspond to linear directed graphs, 
   613 product with another cone-product polyhedron. Just as simplices correspond to linear directed graphs, 
   614 cone-product polyheda correspond to directed trees: taking cone adds a new root before the existing root, 
   614 cone-product polyheda correspond to directed trees: taking cone adds a new root before the existing root, 
   615 and taking product identifies the roots of several trees. 
   615 and taking product identifies the roots of several trees. 
   616 The ``local homotopy colimit" is then defined according to the same formula as above, but with $\bar{x}$ a cone-product polyhedron in $\cell(W)$. 
   616 The ``local homotopy colimit" is then defined according to the same formula as above, but with $\bar{x}$ a cone-product polyhedron in $\cell(W)$. 
   617 We further require that any morphism in a directed tree is not expressible as a product.
   617 We further require that all (compositions of) morphisms in a directed tree are not expressible as a product.
   618 The differential acts on $(\bar{x},a)$ both on $a$ and on $\bar{x}$, applying the appropriate gluing map to $a$ when required.
   618 The differential acts on $(\bar{x},a)$ both on $a$ and on $\bar{x}$, applying the appropriate gluing map to $a$ when required.
   619 A Eilenberg-Zilber subdivision argument shows this is the same as the usual realization. 
   619 A Eilenberg-Zilber subdivision argument shows this is the same as the usual realization. 
   620 
   620 
   621 %When $\cC$ is a topological $n$-category,
   621 %When $\cC$ is a topological $n$-category,
   622 %the flexibility available in the construction of a homotopy colimit allows
   622 %the flexibility available in the construction of a homotopy colimit allows
   837 which can be thought of as a free resolution.
   837 which can be thought of as a free resolution.
   838 \end{rem}
   838 \end{rem}
   839 This result is described in more detail as Example 6.2.8 of \cite{1009.5025}.
   839 This result is described in more detail as Example 6.2.8 of \cite{1009.5025}.
   840 
   840 
   841 Fix a topological $n$-category $\cC$, which we'll now omit from notation.
   841 Fix a topological $n$-category $\cC$, which we'll now omit from notation.
   842 Recall (Theorem \ref{thm:blobs-ainfty}) that there is associated to
   842 From the above, associated to any $(n{-}1)$-manifold $Y$ is an $A_\infty$ category $\bc_*(Y)$.
   843 any $(n{-}1)$-manifold $Y$ an $A_\infty$ category $\bc_*(Y)$.
       
   844 
   843 
   845 \begin{thm}[Gluing formula]
   844 \begin{thm}[Gluing formula]
   846 \label{thm:gluing}
   845 \label{thm:gluing}
   847 \mbox{}\vspace{-0.2cm}% <-- gets the indenting right
   846 \mbox{}\vspace{-0.2cm}% <-- gets the indenting right
   848 \begin{itemize}
   847 \begin{itemize}
   903 A standard acyclic models argument now constructs the homotopy inverse.
   902 A standard acyclic models argument now constructs the homotopy inverse.
   904 \end{proof}
   903 \end{proof}
   905 
   904 
   906 %\nn{Theorem \ref{thm:product} is proved in \S \ref{ss:product-formula}, and Theorem \ref{thm:gluing} in \S \ref{sec:gluing}.}
   905 %\nn{Theorem \ref{thm:product} is proved in \S \ref{ss:product-formula}, and Theorem \ref{thm:gluing} in \S \ref{sec:gluing}.}
   907 
   906 
   908 \section{Deligne conjecture for $n$-categories}
   907 \section{Deligne's conjecture for $n$-categories}
   909 \label{sec:applications}
   908 \label{sec:applications}
   910 
   909 
   911 Let $M$ and $N$ be $n$-manifolds with common boundary $E$.
   910 Let $M$ and $N$ be $n$-manifolds with common boundary $E$.
   912 Recall (Theorem \ref{thm:gluing}) that the $A_\infty$ category $A = \bc_*(E)$
   911 Recall (Theorem \ref{thm:gluing}) that the $A_\infty$ category $A = \bc_*(E)$
   913 acts on $\bc_*(M)$ and $\bc_*(N)$.
   912 acts on $\bc_*(M)$ and $\bc_*(N)$.
   914 Let $\hom_A(\bc_*(M), \bc_*(N))$ denote the chain complex of $A_\infty$ module maps
   913 Let $\hom_A(\bc_*(M), \bc_*(N))$ denote the chain complex of $A_\infty$ module maps
   915 from $\bc_*(M)$ to $\bc_*(N)$.
   914 from $\bc_*(M)$ to $\bc_*(N)$.
   916 Let $R$ be another $n$-manifold with boundary $E^\text{op}$.
   915 Let $R$ be another $n$-manifold with boundary $E^\text{op}$.
   917 There is a chain map
   916 There is a chain map
   918 \[
   917 \begin{equation*}
   919 	\hom_A(\bc_*(M), \bc_*(N)) \ot \bc_*(M) \ot_A \bc_*(R) \to \bc_*(N) \ot_A \bc_*(R) .
   918 	\hom_A(\bc_*(M), \bc_*(N)) \ot \bc_*(M) \ot_A \bc_*(R) \to \bc_*(N) \ot_A \bc_*(R) .
   920 \]
   919 \end{equation*}
   921 We think of this map as being associated to a surgery which cuts $M$ out of $M\cup_E R$ and
   920 We think of this map as being associated to a surgery which cuts $M$ out of $M\cup_E R$ and
   922 replaces it with $N$, yielding $N\cup_E R$.
   921 replaces it with $N$, yielding $N\cup_E R$.
   923 (This is a more general notion of surgery that usual --- $M$ and $N$ can be any manifolds
   922 (This is a more general notion of surgery that usual: $M$ and $N$ can be any manifolds
   924 which share a common boundary.)
   923 which share a common boundary.)
   925 In analogy to Hochschild cochains, we will call elements of $\hom_A(\bc_*(M), \bc_*(N))$ ``blob cochains".
   924 In analogy to Hochschild cochains, we will call elements of $\hom_A(\bc_*(M), \bc_*(N))$ ``blob cochains".
   926 
   925 
   927 Recall (Theorem \ref{thm:evaluation}) that chains on the space of mapping cylinders also act on the 
   926 Recall (Theorem \ref{thm:evaluation}) that chains on the space of mapping cylinders also act on the 
   928 blob complex.
   927 blob complex.
   948 	C_*(SC^n_{\overline{M}, \overline{N}})\otimes \hom(\bc_*(M_1), \bc_*(N_1))\otimes\cdots \\
   947 	C_*(SC^n_{\overline{M}, \overline{N}})\otimes \hom(\bc_*(M_1), \bc_*(N_1))\otimes\cdots \\
   949 		\otimes \hom(\bc_*(M_{k}), \bc_*(N_{k})) \to  \hom(\bc_*(M_0), \bc_*(N_0))
   948 		\otimes \hom(\bc_*(M_{k}), \bc_*(N_{k})) \to  \hom(\bc_*(M_0), \bc_*(N_0))
   950 \end{multline*}
   949 \end{multline*}
   951 which satisfy the operad compatibility conditions.
   950 which satisfy the operad compatibility conditions.
   952 
   951 
   953 \begin{proof}
   952 \begin{proof} (Sketch.)
   954 We have already defined the action of mapping cylinders, in Theorem \ref{thm:evaluation}, 
   953 We have already defined the action of mapping cylinders, in Theorem \ref{thm:evaluation}, 
   955 and the action of surgeries is just composition of maps of $A_\infty$-modules. 
   954 and the action of surgeries is just composition of maps of $A_\infty$-modules. 
   956 We only need to check that the relations of the $n$-SC operad are satisfied. 
   955 We only need to check that the relations of the surgery cylinded operad are satisfied. 
   957 This follows from the locality of the action of $\CH{-}$ (i.e., that it is compatible with gluing) and associativity.
   956 This follows from the locality of the action of $\CH{-}$ (i.e., that it is compatible with gluing) and associativity.
   958 \end{proof} 
   957 \end{proof} 
   959 
   958 
   960 Consider the special case where $n=1$ and all of the $M_i$'s and $N_i$'s are intervals.
   959 Consider the special case where $n=1$ and all of the $M_i$'s and $N_i$'s are intervals.
   961 We have that $SC^1_{\overline{M}, \overline{N}}$ is homotopy equivalent to the little
   960 We have that $SC^1_{\overline{M}, \overline{N}}$ is homotopy equivalent to the little