text/ncat.tex
changeset 505 8ed3aeb78778
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child 506 4a23163843a9
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  2046 
  2046 
  2047 We will show that if the sphere modules are equipped with a ``compatible family of 
  2047 We will show that if the sphere modules are equipped with a ``compatible family of 
  2048 non-degenerate inner products", then there is a coherent family of isomorphisms
  2048 non-degenerate inner products", then there is a coherent family of isomorphisms
  2049 $\cS(X; c; E) \cong \cS(X; c; E')$ for all pairs of choices $E$ and $E'$.
  2049 $\cS(X; c; E) \cong \cS(X; c; E')$ for all pairs of choices $E$ and $E'$.
  2050 This will allow us to define $\cS(X; c)$ independently of the choice of $E$.
  2050 This will allow us to define $\cS(X; c)$ independently of the choice of $E$.
  2051 \nn{also need to (simultaneously) show compatibility with action of homeos of boundary}
       
  2052 
  2051 
  2053 First we must define ``inner product", ``non-degenerate" and ``compatible".
  2052 First we must define ``inner product", ``non-degenerate" and ``compatible".
  2054 Let $Y$ be a decorated $n$-ball, and $\ol{Y}$ it's mirror image.
  2053 Let $Y$ be a decorated $n$-ball, and $\ol{Y}$ it's mirror image.
  2055 (We assume we are working in the unoriented category.)
  2054 (We assume we are working in the unoriented category.)
  2056 Let $Y\cup\ol{Y}$ denote the decorated $n$-sphere obtained by gluing $Y$ and $\ol{Y}$
  2055 Let $Y\cup\ol{Y}$ denote the decorated $n$-sphere obtained by gluing $Y$ and $\ol{Y}$
  2218 It follows from the lemma that we can construct an isomorphism
  2217 It follows from the lemma that we can construct an isomorphism
  2219 between $\cS(X; c; E)$ and $\cS(X; c; E')$ for any pair $E$, $E'$.
  2218 between $\cS(X; c; E)$ and $\cS(X; c; E')$ for any pair $E$, $E'$.
  2220 This construction involves on a choice of simple ``moves" (as above) to transform
  2219 This construction involves on a choice of simple ``moves" (as above) to transform
  2221 $E$ to $E'$.
  2220 $E$ to $E'$.
  2222 We must now show that the isomorphism does not depend on this choice.
  2221 We must now show that the isomorphism does not depend on this choice.
  2223 We will show below that it suffice to check three ``movie moves".
  2222 We will show below that it suffice to check two ``movie moves".
  2224 
  2223 
  2225 The first movie move is to push $E$ across an $n$-ball $B$ as above, then push it back.
  2224 The first movie move is to push $E$ across an $n$-ball $B$ as above, then push it back.
  2226 The result is equivalent to doing nothing.
  2225 The result is equivalent to doing nothing.
  2227 As we remarked above, the isomorphisms corresponding to these two pushes are mutually
  2226 As we remarked above, the isomorphisms corresponding to these two pushes are mutually
  2228 inverse, so we have invariance under this movie move.
  2227 inverse, so we have invariance under this movie move.
  2309 \label{jun23d}
  2308 \label{jun23d}
  2310 \end{figure}
  2309 \end{figure}
  2311 Invariance under this movie move follows from the compatibility of the inner
  2310 Invariance under this movie move follows from the compatibility of the inner
  2312 product for $B_1\cup B_2$ with the inner products for $B_1$ and $B_2$.
  2311 product for $B_1\cup B_2$ with the inner products for $B_1$ and $B_2$.
  2313 
  2312 
  2314 The third movie move could be called ``locality" or ``disjoint commutativity".
  2313 %The third movie move could be called ``locality" or ``disjoint commutativity".
  2315 \nn{...}
  2314 %\nn{...}
  2316 
  2315 
  2317 If $n\ge 2$, these three movie move suffice:
  2316 If $n\ge 2$, these two movie move suffice:
  2318 
  2317 
  2319 \begin{lem}
  2318 \begin{lem}
  2320 Assume $n\ge 2$ and fix $E$ and $E'$ as above.
  2319 Assume $n\ge 2$ and fix $E$ and $E'$ as above.
  2321 The any two sequences of elementary moves connecting $E$ to $E'$
  2320 The any two sequences of elementary moves connecting $E$ to $E'$
  2322 are related by a sequence of the three movie moves defined above.
  2321 are related by a sequence of the two movie moves defined above.
  2323 \end{lem}
  2322 \end{lem}
  2324 
  2323 
  2325 \begin{proof}
  2324 \begin{proof}
  2326 (Sketch)
  2325 (Sketch)
  2327 Consider a two parameter family of diffeomorphisms (one parameter family of isotopies) 
  2326 Consider a two parameter family of diffeomorphisms (one parameter family of isotopies) 
  2328 of $\bd X$.
  2327 of $\bd X$.
  2329 Up to homotopy,
  2328 Up to homotopy,
  2330 such a family is homotopic to a family which can be decomposed 
  2329 such a family is homotopic to a family which can be decomposed 
  2331 into small families which are either
  2330 into small families which are either
  2332 (a) supported away from $E$, 
  2331 (a) supported away from $E$, 
  2333 (b) have boundaries corresponding to the three movie moves above.
  2332 (b) have boundaries corresponding to the two movie moves above.
  2334 Finally, observe that the space of $E$'s is simply connected.
  2333 Finally, observe that the space of $E$'s is simply connected.
  2335 (This fails for $n=1$.)
  2334 (This fails for $n=1$.)
  2336 \end{proof}
  2335 \end{proof}
  2337 
  2336 
  2338 For $n=1$ we have to check an additional ``global" relations corresponding to 
  2337 For $n=1$ we have to check an additional ``global" relations corresponding to 
  2339 rotating the 0-sphere $E$ around the 1-sphere $\bd X$.
  2338 rotating the 0-sphere $E$ around the 1-sphere $\bd X$.
  2340 \nn{should check this global move, or maybe cite Frobenius reciprocity result}
  2339 \nn{should check this global move, or maybe cite Frobenius reciprocity result}
  2341 
  2340 
  2342 \nn{...}
  2341 \medskip
       
  2342 
       
  2343 We have now defined $\cS(X; c)$ for any $n{+}1$-ball $X$ with boundary decoration $c$.
       
  2344 We must also define, for any homeomorphism $X\to X'$, an action $f: \cS(X; c) \to \cS(X', f(c))$.
       
  2345 Choosing an equator $E\sub \bd X$ we have 
       
  2346 \[
       
  2347 	\cS(X; c) \cong \cS(X; c; E) \deq \hom_{\cS(E_c)}(\cS(\bd_-X_c), \cS(\bd_+X_c)) .
       
  2348 \]
       
  2349 We define $f: \cS(X; c) \to \cS(X', f(c))$ to be the tautological map
       
  2350 \[
       
  2351 	f: \cS(X; c; E) \to \cS(X'; f(c); f(E)) .
       
  2352 \]
       
  2353 It is easy to show that this is independent of the choice of $E$.
       
  2354 Note also that this map depends only on the restriction of $f$ to $\bd X$.
       
  2355 In particular, if $F: X\to X$ is the identity on $\bd X$ then $f$ acts trivially, as required by
       
  2356 Axiom \ref{axiom:extended-isotopies} of \S\ref{ss:n-cat-def}.
       
  2357 
       
  2358 
       
  2359 \nn{still to do: gluing, associativity, collar maps}
  2343 
  2360 
  2344 \medskip
  2361 \medskip
  2345 \hrule
  2362 \hrule
  2346 \medskip
  2363 \medskip
  2347 
       
  2348 \nn{to be continued...}
       
  2349 \medskip
       
  2350 
       
  2351 
       
  2352 
       
  2353 
  2364 
  2354 
  2365 
  2355 
  2366 
  2356 Stuff that remains to be done (either below or in an appendix or in a separate section or in
  2367 Stuff that remains to be done (either below or in an appendix or in a separate section or in
  2357 a separate paper):
  2368 a separate paper):