pnas/pnas.tex
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   213 
   213 
   214 This paper is organized as follows.
   214 This paper is organized as follows.
   215 We first give an account of our version of $n$-categories.
   215 We first give an account of our version of $n$-categories.
   216 According to our definition, $n$-categories are, among other things,
   216 According to our definition, $n$-categories are, among other things,
   217 functorial invariants of $k$-balls, $0\le k \le n$, which behave well with respect to gluing.
   217 functorial invariants of $k$-balls, $0\le k \le n$, which behave well with respect to gluing.
   218 We then describe how to use [homotopy] colimits to extend $n$-categories
   218 We then show how to extend an $n$-category from balls to arbitrary $k$-manifolds,
   219 from balls to arbitrary $k$-manifolds.
   219 using colimits and homotopy colimits.
   220 This extension is the desired derived version of a TQFT, which we call the blob complex.
   220 This extension, which we call the blob complex, has as $0$-th homology the usual TQFT invariant.
   221 (The name comes from the ``blobs" which feature prominently
   221 (The name comes from the ``blobs" which feature prominently
   222 in a concrete version of the homotopy colimit.)
   222 in a concrete version of the homotopy colimit.)
   223 We then review some basic properties of the blob complex, and finish by showing how it
   223 We then review some basic properties of the blob complex, and finish by showing how it
   224 yields a higher categorical and higher dimensional generalization of Deligne's
   224 yields a higher categorical and higher dimensional generalization of Deligne's
   225 conjecture on Hochschild cochains and the little 2-disks operad.
   225 conjecture on Hochschild cochains and the little 2-disks operad.
   226 
   226 
   227 \nn{maybe this is not necessary?}
   227 \nn{maybe this is not necessary?} \nn{let's move this to somewhere later, if we keep it}
   228 In an attempt to forestall any confusion that might arise from different definitions of 
   228 In an attempt to forestall any confusion that might arise from different definitions of 
   229 ``$n$-category" and ``TQFT", we note that our $n$-categories are both more and less general
   229 ``$n$-category" and ``TQFT", we note that our $n$-categories are both more and less general
   230 than the ``fully dualizable" ones which play a prominent role in \cite{0905.0465}.
   230 than the ``fully dualizable" ones which play a prominent role in \cite{0905.0465}.
   231 More general in that we make no duality assumptions in the top dimension $n+1$.
   231 More general in that we make no duality assumptions in the top dimension $n+1$.
   232 Less general in that we impose stronger duality requirements in dimensions 0 through $n$.
   232 Less general in that we impose stronger duality requirements in dimensions 0 through $n$.
   233 Thus our $n$-categories correspond to $(n{+}\epsilon)$-dimensional unoriented or oriented TQFTs, while
   233 Thus our $n$-categories correspond to $(n{+}\epsilon)$-dimensional unoriented or oriented TQFTs, while
   234 Lurie's (fully dualizable) $n$-categories correspond to $(n{+}1)$-dimensional framed TQFTs.
   234 Lurie's (fully dualizable) $n$-categories correspond to $(n{+}1)$-dimensional framed TQFTs.
   235 
   235 
   236 Details missing from this paper can usually be found in \cite{1009.5025}.
   236 At several points we only sketch an argument briefly; full details can be found in \cite{1009.5025}. In this paper we attempt to give a clear view of the big picture without getting bogged down in technical details.
   237 
       
   238 %\nn{In many places we omit details; they can be found in MW.
       
   239 %(Blanket statement in order to avoid too many citations to MW.)}
       
   240 %
       
   241 %\nn{perhaps say something explicit about the relationship of this paper to big blob paper.
       
   242 %like: in this paper we try to give a clear view of the big picture without getting bogged down in details}
       
   243 
   237 
   244 
   238 
   245 \section{Definitions}
   239 \section{Definitions}
   246 \subsection{$n$-categories} \mbox{}
   240 \subsection{$n$-categories} \mbox{}
   247 
   241 
   288 Because we are mainly interested in the case of strong duality, we replace the intervals $[0,r]$ not with
   282 Because we are mainly interested in the case of strong duality, we replace the intervals $[0,r]$ not with
   289 a product of $k$ intervals (c.f. \cite{0909.2212}) but rather with any $k$-ball, that is, any $k$-manifold which is homeomorphic
   283 a product of $k$ intervals (c.f. \cite{0909.2212}) but rather with any $k$-ball, that is, any $k$-manifold which is homeomorphic
   290 to the standard $k$-ball $B^k$.
   284 to the standard $k$-ball $B^k$.
   291 \nn{maybe add that in addition we want functoriality}
   285 \nn{maybe add that in addition we want functoriality}
   292 
   286 
   293 We haven't said precisely what sort of balls we are considering,
   287 By default our balls are oriented,
   294 because we prefer to let this detail be a parameter in the definition.
   288 but it is useful at times to vary this,
   295 It is useful to consider unoriented, oriented, Spin and $\mbox{Pin}_\pm$ balls.
   289 for example by considering unoriented or Spin balls.
   296 Also useful are more exotic structures, such as balls equipped with a map to some target space,
   290 We can also consider more exotic structures, such as balls with a map to some target space,
   297 or equipped with $m$ independent vector fields.
   291 or equipped with $m$ independent vector fields.
   298 (The latter structure would model $n$-categories with less duality than we usually assume.)
   292 (The latter structure would model $n$-categories with less duality than we usually assume.)
   299 
       
   300 %In fact, the axioms here may easily be varied by considering balls with structure (e.g. $m$ independent vector fields, a map to some target space, etc.). Such variations are useful for axiomatizing categories with less duality, and also as technical tools in proofs.
       
   301 
   293 
   302 \begin{axiom}[Morphisms]
   294 \begin{axiom}[Morphisms]
   303 \label{axiom:morphisms}
   295 \label{axiom:morphisms}
   304 For each $0 \le k \le n$, we have a functor $\cC_k$ from 
   296 For each $0 \le k \le n$, we have a functor $\cC_k$ from 
   305 the category of $k$-balls and 
   297 the category of $k$-balls and