pnas/pnas.tex
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   224 \end{axiom}
   224 \end{axiom}
   225 
   225 
   226 Note that the functoriality in the above axiom allows us to operate via
   226 Note that the functoriality in the above axiom allows us to operate via
   227 homeomorphisms which are not the identity on the boundary of the $k$-ball.
   227 homeomorphisms which are not the identity on the boundary of the $k$-ball.
   228 The action of these homeomorphisms gives the ``strong duality" structure.
   228 The action of these homeomorphisms gives the ``strong duality" structure.
   229 
   229 As such, we don't subdivide the boundary of a morphism
   230 Next we consider domains and ranges of $k$-morphisms.
   230 into domain and range --- the duality operations can convert between domain and range.
   231 Because we assume strong duality, it doesn't make much sense to subdivide the boundary of a morphism
       
   232 into domain and range --- the duality operations can convert domain to range and vice-versa.
       
   233 Instead, we will use a unified domain/range, which we will call a ``boundary".
       
   234 
   231 
   235 Later \todo{} we inductively define an extension of the functors $\cC_k$ to functors $\cl{\cC}_k$ from arbitrary manifolds to sets. We need the restriction of these functors to $k$-spheres, for $k<n$, for the next axiom.
   232 Later \todo{} we inductively define an extension of the functors $\cC_k$ to functors $\cl{\cC}_k$ from arbitrary manifolds to sets. We need the restriction of these functors to $k$-spheres, for $k<n$, for the next axiom.
   236 
   233 
   237 \begin{axiom}[Boundaries]\label{nca-boundary}
   234 \begin{axiom}[Boundaries]\label{nca-boundary}
   238 For each $k$-ball $X$, we have a map of sets $\bd: \cC_k(X)\to \cl{\cC}_{k-1}(\bd X)$.
   235 For each $k$-ball $X$, we have a map of sets $\bd: \cC_k(X)\to \cl{\cC}_{k-1}(\bd X)$.
   240 \end{axiom}
   237 \end{axiom}
   241 
   238 
   242 For $c\in \cl{\cC}_{k-1}(\bd X)$ we define $\cC_k(X; c) = \bd^{-1}(c)$.
   239 For $c\in \cl{\cC}_{k-1}(\bd X)$ we define $\cC_k(X; c) = \bd^{-1}(c)$.
   243 
   240 
   244 Many of the examples we are interested in are enriched in some auxiliary category $\cS$
   241 Many of the examples we are interested in are enriched in some auxiliary category $\cS$
   245 (e.g. $\cS$ is vector spaces or rings, or, in the $A_\infty$ case, chain complex or topological spaces).
   242 (e.g. vector spaces or rings, or, in the $A_\infty$ case, chain complex or topological spaces).
   246 This means (by definition) that in the top dimension $k=n$ the sets $\cC_n(X; c)$ have the structure
   243 This means that in the top dimension $k=n$ the sets $\cC_n(X; c)$ have the structure
   247 of an object of $\cS$, and all of the structure maps of the category (above and below) are
   244 of an object of $\cS$, and all of the structure maps of the category (above and below) are
   248 compatible with the $\cS$ structure on $\cC_n(X; c)$.
   245 compatible with the $\cS$ structure on $\cC_n(X; c)$.
   249 
   246 
   250 
   247 
   251 Given two hemispheres (a `domain' and `range') that agree on the equator, we need to be able to assemble them into a boundary value of the entire sphere.
   248 Given two hemispheres (a `domain' and `range') that agree on the equator, we need to be able to assemble them into a boundary value of the entire sphere.
   296 For the next axiom, a \emph{pinched product} is a map locally modeled on a degeneracy map between simplices.
   293 For the next axiom, a \emph{pinched product} is a map locally modeled on a degeneracy map between simplices.
   297 \begin{axiom}[Product (identity) morphisms]
   294 \begin{axiom}[Product (identity) morphisms]
   298 \label{axiom:product}
   295 \label{axiom:product}
   299 For each pinched product $\pi:E\to X$, with $X$ a $k$-ball and $E$ a $k{+}m$-ball ($m\ge 1$),
   296 For each pinched product $\pi:E\to X$, with $X$ a $k$-ball and $E$ a $k{+}m$-ball ($m\ge 1$),
   300 there is a map $\pi^*:\cC(X)\to \cC(E)$.
   297 there is a map $\pi^*:\cC(X)\to \cC(E)$.
       
   298 These maps must be
       
   299 \begin{enumerate}
       
   300 \item natural with respect to maps of pinched products,
       
   301 \item functorial with respect to composition of pinched products, 
       
   302 \item compatible with gluing and restriction of pinched products.
       
   303 \end{enumerate}
       
   304 
       
   305 %%% begin noop %%%
       
   306 % this was the original list of conditions, which I've replaced with the much terser list above -S
       
   307 \noop{
   301 These maps must satisfy the following conditions.
   308 These maps must satisfy the following conditions.
   302 \begin{enumerate}
   309 \begin{enumerate}
   303 \item
   310 \item
   304 If $\pi:E\to X$ and $\pi':E'\to X'$ are pinched products, and
   311 If $\pi:E\to X$ and $\pi':E'\to X'$ are pinched products, and
   305 if $f:X\to X'$ and $\tilde{f}:E \to E'$ are maps such that the diagram
   312 if $f:X\to X'$ and $\tilde{f}:E \to E'$ are maps such that the diagram
   336 such that $\rho$ and $\pi$ are pinched products, then
   343 such that $\rho$ and $\pi$ are pinched products, then
   337 \[
   344 \[
   338 	\res_D\circ\pi^* = \rho^*\circ\res_Y .
   345 	\res_D\circ\pi^* = \rho^*\circ\res_Y .
   339 \]
   346 \]
   340 \end{enumerate}
   347 \end{enumerate}
       
   348 } %%% end \noop %%%
   341 \end{axiom}
   349 \end{axiom}
   342 \begin{axiom}[\textup{\textbf{[plain  version]}} Extended isotopy invariance in dimension $n$.]
   350 \begin{axiom}[\textup{\textbf{[plain  version]}} Extended isotopy invariance in dimension $n$.]
   343 \label{axiom:extended-isotopies}
   351 \label{axiom:extended-isotopies}
   344 Let $X$ be an $n$-ball and $f: X\to X$ be a homeomorphism which restricts
   352 Let $X$ be an $n$-ball and $f: X\to X$ be a homeomorphism which restricts
   345 to the identity on $\bd X$ and isotopic (rel boundary) to the identity.
   353 to the identity on $\bd X$ and isotopic (rel boundary) to the identity.
   674 
   682 
   675 An $n$-dimensional surgery cylinder is a sequence of mapping cylinders and surgeries (Figure \ref{delfig2}), modulo changing the order of distant surgeries, and conjugating a submanifold not modified in a surgery by a homeomorphism. Surgery cylinders form an operad, by gluing the outer boundary of one cylinder into an inner boundary of another.
   683 An $n$-dimensional surgery cylinder is a sequence of mapping cylinders and surgeries (Figure \ref{delfig2}), modulo changing the order of distant surgeries, and conjugating a submanifold not modified in a surgery by a homeomorphism. Surgery cylinders form an operad, by gluing the outer boundary of one cylinder into an inner boundary of another.
   676 
   684 
   677 By the `blob cochains' of a manifold $X$, we mean the $A_\infty$ maps of $\bc_*(X)$ as a $\bc_*(\bdy X)$ $A_\infty$-module.
   685 By the `blob cochains' of a manifold $X$, we mean the $A_\infty$ maps of $\bc_*(X)$ as a $\bc_*(\bdy X)$ $A_\infty$-module.
   678 
   686 
   679 \todo{Sketch proof}
   687 \begin{proof}
       
   688 We have already defined the action of mapping cylinders, in Theorem \ref{thm:evaluation}, and the action of surgeries is just composition of maps of $A_\infty$-modules. We only need to check that the relations of the $n$-SC operad are satisfied. This follows immediately from the locality of the action of $\CH{-}$ (i.e., that it is compatible with gluing) and functoriality.
       
   689 \end{proof} 
   680 
   690 
   681 The little disks operad $LD$ is homotopy equivalent to the $n=1$ case of the $n$-SC operad. The blob complex $\bc_*(I, \cC)$ is a bimodule over itself, and the $A_\infty$-bimodule intertwiners are homotopy equivalent to the Hochschild cohains $Hoch^*(C, C)$. The usual Deligne conjecture (proved variously in \cite{hep-th/9403055, MR1805894, MR2064592, MR1805923}) gives a map
   691 The little disks operad $LD$ is homotopy equivalent to the $n=1$ case of the $n$-SC operad. The blob complex $\bc_*(I, \cC)$ is a bimodule over itself, and the $A_\infty$-bimodule intertwiners are homotopy equivalent to the Hochschild cohains $Hoch^*(C, C)$. The usual Deligne conjecture (proved variously in \cite{hep-th/9403055, MR1805894, MR2064592, MR1805923}) gives a map
   682 \[
   692 \[
   683 	C_*(LD_k)\otimes \overbrace{Hoch^*(C, C)\otimes\cdots\otimes Hoch^*(C, C)}^{\text{$k$ copies}}
   693 	C_*(LD_k)\otimes \overbrace{Hoch^*(C, C)\otimes\cdots\otimes Hoch^*(C, C)}^{\text{$k$ copies}}
   684 			\to  Hoch^*(C, C),
   694 			\to  Hoch^*(C, C),
   701 %% \appendix Appendix text...
   711 %% \appendix Appendix text...
   702 %% or, for appendix with title, use square brackets:
   712 %% or, for appendix with title, use square brackets:
   703 %% \appendix[Appendix Title]
   713 %% \appendix[Appendix Title]
   704 
   714 
   705 \begin{acknowledgments}
   715 \begin{acknowledgments}
   706 -- text of acknowledgments here, including grant info --
   716 \nn{say something here}
   707 \end{acknowledgments}
   717 \end{acknowledgments}
   708 
   718 
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   710 %% Instead all references must be included in the article .tex document. 
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