text/a_inf_blob.tex
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     1 %!TEX root = ../blob1.tex
     1 %!TEX root = ../blob1.tex
     2 
     2 
     3 \section{The blob complex for \texorpdfstring{$A_\infty$}{A-infinity} disk-like \texorpdfstring{$n$}{n}-categories}
     3 \section{The blob complex for \texorpdfstring{$A_\infty$}{A-infinity} \texorpdfstring{$n$}{n}-categories}
     4 \label{sec:ainfblob}
     4 \label{sec:ainfblob}
     5 Given an $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category $\cC$ and an $n$-manifold $M$, we make the 
     5 Given an $A_\infty$ $n$-category $\cC$ and an $n$-manifold $M$, we make the 
     6 anticlimactically tautological definition of the blob
     6 anticlimactically tautological definition of the blob
     7 complex $\bc_*(M;\cC)$ to be the homotopy colimit $\cl{\cC}(M)$ of \S\ref{ss:ncat_fields}.
     7 complex $\bc_*(M;\cC)$ to be the homotopy colimit $\cl{\cC}(M)$ of \S\ref{ss:ncat_fields}.
     8 
     8 
     9 We will show below 
     9 We will show below 
    10 in Corollary \ref{cor:new-old}
    10 in Corollary \ref{cor:new-old}
    30 \subsection{A product formula}
    30 \subsection{A product formula}
    31 \label{ss:product-formula}
    31 \label{ss:product-formula}
    32 
    32 
    33 
    33 
    34 Given an $n$-dimensional system of fields $\cE$ and a $n{-}k$-manifold $F$, recall from 
    34 Given an $n$-dimensional system of fields $\cE$ and a $n{-}k$-manifold $F$, recall from 
    35 Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls} that there is an  $A_\infty$ disk-like $k$-category $\cC_F$ 
    35 Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls} that there is an  $A_\infty$ $k$-category $\cC_F$ 
    36 defined by $\cC_F(X) = \cE(X\times F)$ if $\dim(X) < k$ and
    36 defined by $\cC_F(X) = \cE(X\times F)$ if $\dim(X) < k$ and
    37 $\cC_F(X) = \bc_*(X\times F;\cE)$ if $\dim(X) = k$.
    37 $\cC_F(X) = \bc_*(X\times F;\cE)$ if $\dim(X) = k$.
    38 
    38 
    39 
    39 
    40 \begin{thm} \label{thm:product}
    40 \begin{thm} \label{thm:product}
   217 This concludes the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:product}.
   217 This concludes the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:product}.
   218 \end{proof}
   218 \end{proof}
   219 
   219 
   220 %\nn{need to prove a version where $E$ above has dimension $m<n$; result is an $n{-}m$-category}
   220 %\nn{need to prove a version where $E$ above has dimension $m<n$; result is an $n{-}m$-category}
   221 
   221 
   222 If $Y$ has dimension $k-m$, then we have a disk-like $m$-category $\cC_{Y\times F}$ whose value at
   222 If $Y$ has dimension $k-m$, then we have an $m$-category $\cC_{Y\times F}$ whose value at
   223 a $j$-ball $X$ is either $\cE(X\times Y\times F)$ (if $j<m$) or $\bc_*(X\times Y\times F)$
   223 a $j$-ball $X$ is either $\cE(X\times Y\times F)$ (if $j<m$) or $\bc_*(X\times Y\times F)$
   224 (if $j=m$).
   224 (if $j=m$).
   225 (See Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}.)
   225 (See Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}.)
   226 Similarly we have a disk-like  $m$-category whose value at $X$ is $\cl{\cC_F}(X\times Y)$.
   226 Similarly we have an $m$-category whose value at $X$ is $\cl{\cC_F}(X\times Y)$.
   227 These two categories are equivalent, but since we do not define functors between
   227 These two categories are equivalent, but since we do not define functors between
   228 disk-like $n$-categories in this paper we are unable to say precisely
   228 disk-like $n$-categories in this paper we are unable to say precisely
   229 what ``equivalent" means in this context.
   229 what ``equivalent" means in this context.
   230 We hope to include this stronger result in a future paper.
   230 We hope to include this stronger result in a future paper.
   231 
   231 
   233 
   233 
   234 Taking $F$ in Theorem \ref{thm:product} to be a point, we obtain the following corollary.
   234 Taking $F$ in Theorem \ref{thm:product} to be a point, we obtain the following corollary.
   235 
   235 
   236 \begin{cor}
   236 \begin{cor}
   237 \label{cor:new-old}
   237 \label{cor:new-old}
   238 Let $\cE$ be a system of fields (with local relations) and let $\cC_\cE$ be the $A_\infty$ disk-like 
   238 Let $\cE$ be a system of fields (with local relations) and let $\cC_\cE$ be the $A_\infty$
   239 $n$-category obtained from $\cE$ by taking the blob complex of balls.
   239 $n$-category obtained from $\cE$ by taking the blob complex of balls.
   240 Then for all $n$-manifolds $Y$ the old-fashioned and new-fangled blob complexes are
   240 Then for all $n$-manifolds $Y$ the old-fashioned and new-fangled blob complexes are
   241 homotopy equivalent:
   241 homotopy equivalent:
   242 \[
   242 \[
   243 	\bc^\cE_*(Y) \htpy \cl{\cC_\cE}(Y) .
   243 	\bc^\cE_*(Y) \htpy \cl{\cC_\cE}(Y) .
   259 calculation.
   259 calculation.
   260 
   260 
   261 We can generalize the definition of a $k$-category by replacing the categories
   261 We can generalize the definition of a $k$-category by replacing the categories
   262 of $j$-balls ($j\le k$) with categories of $j$-balls $D$ equipped with a map $p:D\to Y$
   262 of $j$-balls ($j\le k$) with categories of $j$-balls $D$ equipped with a map $p:D\to Y$
   263 (c.f. \cite{MR2079378}).
   263 (c.f. \cite{MR2079378}).
   264 Call this a disk-like $k$-category over $Y$.
   264 Call this a $k$-category over $Y$.
   265 A fiber bundle $F\to E\to Y$ gives an example of a disk-like $k$-category over $Y$:
   265 A fiber bundle $F\to E\to Y$ gives an example of a $k$-category over $Y$:
   266 assign to $p:D\to Y$ the blob complex $\bc_*(p^*(E))$, if $\dim(D) = k$,
   266 assign to $p:D\to Y$ the blob complex $\bc_*(p^*(E))$, if $\dim(D) = k$,
   267 or the fields $\cE(p^*(E))$, if $\dim(D) < k$.
   267 or the fields $\cE(p^*(E))$, if $\dim(D) < k$.
   268 (Here $p^*(E)$ denotes the pull-back bundle over $D$.)
   268 (Here $p^*(E)$ denotes the pull-back bundle over $D$.)
   269 Let $\cF_E$ denote this disk-like $k$-category over $Y$.
   269 Let $\cF_E$ denote this $k$-category over $Y$.
   270 We can adapt the homotopy colimit construction (based decompositions of $Y$ into balls) to
   270 We can adapt the homotopy colimit construction (based decompositions of $Y$ into balls) to
   271 get a chain complex $\cl{\cF_E}(Y)$.
   271 get a chain complex $\cl{\cF_E}(Y)$.
   272 The proof of Theorem \ref{thm:product} goes through essentially unchanged 
   272 The proof of Theorem \ref{thm:product} goes through essentially unchanged 
   273 to show the following result.
   273 to show the following result.
   274 \begin{thm}
   274 \begin{thm}
   275 Let $F \to E \to Y$ be a fiber bundle and let $\cF_E$ be the disk-like $k$-category over $Y$ defined above.
   275 Let $F \to E \to Y$ be a fiber bundle and let $\cF_E$ be the $k$-category over $Y$ defined above.
   276 Then
   276 Then
   277 \[
   277 \[
   278 	\bc_*(E) \simeq \cl{\cF_E}(Y) .
   278 	\bc_*(E) \simeq \cl{\cF_E}(Y) .
   279 \]
   279 \]
   280 \qed
   280 \qed
   285 Let $M\to Y$ be a map, with $\dim(M) = n$ and $\dim(Y) = k$.
   285 Let $M\to Y$ be a map, with $\dim(M) = n$ and $\dim(Y) = k$.
   286 Call a map $D^j\to Y$ ``good" with respect to $M$ if the fibered product
   286 Call a map $D^j\to Y$ ``good" with respect to $M$ if the fibered product
   287 $D\widetilde{\times} M$ is a manifold of dimension $n-k+j$ with a collar structure along the boundary of $D$.
   287 $D\widetilde{\times} M$ is a manifold of dimension $n-k+j$ with a collar structure along the boundary of $D$.
   288 (If $D\to Y$ is an embedding then $D\widetilde{\times} M$ is just the part of $M$
   288 (If $D\to Y$ is an embedding then $D\widetilde{\times} M$ is just the part of $M$
   289 lying above $D$.)
   289 lying above $D$.)
   290 We can define a disk-like $k$-category $\cF_M$ based on maps of balls into $Y$ which are good with respect to $M$.
   290 We can define a $k$-category $\cF_M$ based on maps of balls into $Y$ which are good with respect to $M$.
   291 We can again adapt the homotopy colimit construction to
   291 We can again adapt the homotopy colimit construction to
   292 get a chain complex $\cl{\cF_M}(Y)$.
   292 get a chain complex $\cl{\cF_M}(Y)$.
   293 The proof of Theorem \ref{thm:product} again goes through essentially unchanged 
   293 The proof of Theorem \ref{thm:product} again goes through essentially unchanged 
   294 to show that
   294 to show that
   295 \begin{thm}
   295 \begin{thm}
   296 Let $M \to Y$ be a map of manifolds and let $\cF_M$ be the disk-like $k$-category over $Y$ defined above.
   296 Let $M \to Y$ be a map of manifolds and let $\cF_M$ be the $k$-category over $Y$ defined above.
   297 Then
   297 Then
   298 \[
   298 \[
   299 	\bc_*(M) \simeq \cl{\cF_M}(Y) .
   299 	\bc_*(M) \simeq \cl{\cF_M}(Y) .
   300 \]
   300 \]
   301 \qed
   301 \qed
   313 Let $F \to E \to Y$ be a fiber bundle as above.
   313 Let $F \to E \to Y$ be a fiber bundle as above.
   314 Choose a decomposition $Y = \cup X_i$
   314 Choose a decomposition $Y = \cup X_i$
   315 such that the restriction of $E$ to $X_i$ is homeomorphic to a product $F\times X_i$,
   315 such that the restriction of $E$ to $X_i$ is homeomorphic to a product $F\times X_i$,
   316 and choose trivializations of these products as well.
   316 and choose trivializations of these products as well.
   317 
   317 
   318 Let $\cF$ be the disk-like $k$-category associated to $F$.
   318 Let $\cF$ be the $k$-category associated to $F$.
   319 To each codimension-1 face $X_i\cap X_j$ we have a bimodule ($S^0$-module) for $\cF$.
   319 To each codimension-1 face $X_i\cap X_j$ we have a bimodule ($S^0$-module) for $\cF$.
   320 More generally, to each codimension-$m$ face we have an $S^{m-1}$-module for a $(k{-}m{+}1)$-category
   320 More generally, to each codimension-$m$ face we have an $S^{m-1}$-module for a $(k{-}m{+}1)$-category
   321 associated to the (decorated) link of that face.
   321 associated to the (decorated) link of that face.
   322 We can decorate the strata of the decomposition of $Y$ with these sphere modules and form a 
   322 We can decorate the strata of the decomposition of $Y$ with these sphere modules and form a 
   323 colimit as in \S \ref{ssec:spherecat}.
   323 colimit as in \S \ref{ssec:spherecat}.
   339 Let $X$ be a closed $k$-manifold with a splitting $X = X'_1\cup_Y X'_2$.
   339 Let $X$ be a closed $k$-manifold with a splitting $X = X'_1\cup_Y X'_2$.
   340 We will need an explicit collar on $Y$, so rewrite this as
   340 We will need an explicit collar on $Y$, so rewrite this as
   341 $X = X_1\cup (Y\times J) \cup X_2$.
   341 $X = X_1\cup (Y\times J) \cup X_2$.
   342 Given this data we have:
   342 Given this data we have:
   343 \begin{itemize}
   343 \begin{itemize}
   344 \item An $A_\infty$ disk-like $n{-}k$-category $\bc(X)$, which assigns to an $m$-ball
   344 \item An $A_\infty$ $n{-}k$-category $\bc(X)$, which assigns to an $m$-ball
   345 $D$ fields on $D\times X$ (for $m+k < n$) or the blob complex $\bc_*(D\times X; c)$
   345 $D$ fields on $D\times X$ (for $m+k < n$) or the blob complex $\bc_*(D\times X; c)$
   346 (for $m+k = n$).
   346 (for $m+k = n$).
   347 (See Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}.)
   347 (See Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}.)
   348 %\nn{need to explain $c$}.
   348 %\nn{need to explain $c$}.
   349 \item An $A_\infty$ disk-like $n{-}k{+}1$-category $\bc(Y)$, defined similarly.
   349 \item An $A_\infty$ $n{-}k{+}1$-category $\bc(Y)$, defined similarly.
   350 \item Two $\bc(Y)$ modules $\bc(X_1)$ and $\bc(X_2)$, which assign to a marked
   350 \item Two $\bc(Y)$ modules $\bc(X_1)$ and $\bc(X_2)$, which assign to a marked
   351 $m$-ball $(D, H)$ either fields on $(D\times Y) \cup (H\times X_i)$ (if $m+k < n$)
   351 $m$-ball $(D, H)$ either fields on $(D\times Y) \cup (H\times X_i)$ (if $m+k < n$)
   352 or the blob complex $\bc_*((D\times Y) \cup (H\times X_i))$ (if $m+k = n$).
   352 or the blob complex $\bc_*((D\times Y) \cup (H\times X_i))$ (if $m+k = n$).
   353 (See Example \ref{bc-module-example}.)
   353 (See Example \ref{bc-module-example}.)
   354 \item The tensor product $\bc(X_1) \otimes_{\bc(Y), J} \bc(X_2)$, which is
   354 \item The tensor product $\bc(X_1) \otimes_{\bc(Y), J} \bc(X_2)$, which is
   355 an $A_\infty$ disk-like $n{-}k$-category.
   355 an $A_\infty$ $n{-}k$-category.
   356 (See \S \ref{moddecss}.)
   356 (See \S \ref{moddecss}.)
   357 \end{itemize}
   357 \end{itemize}
   358 
   358 
   359 It is the case that the disk-like $n{-}k$-categories $\bc(X)$ and $\bc(X_1) \otimes_{\bc(Y), J} \bc(X_2)$
   359 It is the case that the $n{-}k$-categories $\bc(X)$ and $\bc(X_1) \otimes_{\bc(Y), J} \bc(X_2)$
   360 are equivalent for all $k$, but since we do not develop a definition of functor between $n$-categories
   360 are equivalent for all $k$, but since we do not develop a definition of functor between $n$-categories
   361 in this paper, we cannot state this precisely.
   361 in this paper, we cannot state this precisely.
   362 (It will appear in a future paper.)
   362 (It will appear in a future paper.)
   363 So we content ourselves with
   363 So we content ourselves with
   364 
   364 
   401 \subsection{Reconstructing mapping spaces}
   401 \subsection{Reconstructing mapping spaces}
   402 \label{sec:map-recon}
   402 \label{sec:map-recon}
   403 
   403 
   404 The next theorem shows how to reconstruct a mapping space from local data.
   404 The next theorem shows how to reconstruct a mapping space from local data.
   405 Let $T$ be a topological space, let $M$ be an $n$-manifold, 
   405 Let $T$ be a topological space, let $M$ be an $n$-manifold, 
   406 and recall the $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category $\pi^\infty_{\leq n}(T)$ 
   406 and recall the $A_\infty$ $n$-category $\pi^\infty_{\leq n}(T)$ 
   407 of Example \ref{ex:chains-of-maps-to-a-space}.
   407 of Example \ref{ex:chains-of-maps-to-a-space}.
   408 Think of $\pi^\infty_{\leq n}(T)$ as encoding everything you would ever
   408 Think of $\pi^\infty_{\leq n}(T)$ as encoding everything you would ever
   409 want to know about spaces of maps of $k$-balls into $T$ ($k\le n$).
   409 want to know about spaces of maps of $k$-balls into $T$ ($k\le n$).
   410 To simplify notation, let $\cT = \pi^\infty_{\leq n}(T)$.
   410 To simplify notation, let $\cT = \pi^\infty_{\leq n}(T)$.
   411 
   411