text/ncat.tex
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    43 Thus we associate a set of $k$-morphisms $\cC_k(X)$ to any $k$-manifold $X$ homeomorphic 
    43 Thus we associate a set of $k$-morphisms $\cC_k(X)$ to any $k$-manifold $X$ homeomorphic 
    44 to the standard $k$-ball.
    44 to the standard $k$-ball.
    45 By ``a $k$-ball" we mean any $k$-manifold which is homeomorphic to the 
    45 By ``a $k$-ball" we mean any $k$-manifold which is homeomorphic to the 
    46 standard $k$-ball.
    46 standard $k$-ball.
    47 We {\it do not} assume that it is equipped with a 
    47 We {\it do not} assume that it is equipped with a 
    48 preferred homeomorphism to the standard $k$-ball, and the same applies to ``a $k$-sphere" below. \nn{List the axiom numbers here, mentioning alternate versions, and also the same in the module section.}
    48 preferred homeomorphism to the standard $k$-ball, and the same applies to ``a $k$-sphere" below.
       
    49 
       
    50 The axioms for an $n$-category are spread throughout this section.
       
    51 Collecting these together, an $n$-category is a gadget satisfying Axioms \ref{axiom:morphisms}, \ref{nca-boundary}, \ref{axiom:composition},  \ref{nca-assoc}, \ref{axiom:product} and \ref{axiom:extended-isotopies}; for an $A_\infty$ $n$-category, we replace Axiom \ref{axiom:extended-isotopies} with Axiom \ref{axiom:families}.
       
    52 
    49 
    53 
    50 Given a homeomorphism $f:X\to Y$ between $k$-balls (not necessarily fixed on 
    54 Given a homeomorphism $f:X\to Y$ between $k$-balls (not necessarily fixed on 
    51 the boundary), we want a corresponding
    55 the boundary), we want a corresponding
    52 bijection of sets $f:\cC(X)\to \cC(Y)$.
    56 bijection of sets $f:\cC(X)\to \cC(Y)$.
    53 (This will imply ``strong duality", among other things.) Putting these together, we have
    57 (This will imply ``strong duality", among other things.) Putting these together, we have
   216 (For example, vertical and horizontal composition of 2-morphisms.)
   220 (For example, vertical and horizontal composition of 2-morphisms.)
   217 In the presence of strong duality, these $k$ distinct compositions are subsumed into 
   221 In the presence of strong duality, these $k$ distinct compositions are subsumed into 
   218 one general type of composition which can be in any ``direction".
   222 one general type of composition which can be in any ``direction".
   219 
   223 
   220 \begin{axiom}[Composition]
   224 \begin{axiom}[Composition]
       
   225 \label{axiom:composition}
   221 Let $B = B_1 \cup_Y B_2$, where $B$, $B_1$ and $B_2$ are $k$-balls ($0\le k\le n$)
   226 Let $B = B_1 \cup_Y B_2$, where $B$, $B_1$ and $B_2$ are $k$-balls ($0\le k\le n$)
   222 and $Y = B_1\cap B_2$ is a $k{-}1$-ball (Figure \ref{blah5}).
   227 and $Y = B_1\cap B_2$ is a $k{-}1$-ball (Figure \ref{blah5}).
   223 Let $E = \bd Y$, which is a $k{-}2$-sphere.
   228 Let $E = \bd Y$, which is a $k{-}2$-sphere.
   224 Note that each of $B$, $B_1$ and $B_2$ has its boundary split into two $k{-}1$-balls by $E$.
   229 Note that each of $B$, $B_1$ and $B_2$ has its boundary split into two $k{-}1$-balls by $E$.
   225 We have restriction (domain or range) maps $\cC(B_i)_E \to \cC(Y)$.
   230 We have restriction (domain or range) maps $\cC(B_i)_E \to \cC(Y)$.
   465 same (traditional) $i$-morphism as the corresponding codimension $i$ cell $c$.
   470 same (traditional) $i$-morphism as the corresponding codimension $i$ cell $c$.
   466 
   471 
   467 
   472 
   468 %\addtocounter{axiom}{-1}
   473 %\addtocounter{axiom}{-1}
   469 \begin{axiom}[Product (identity) morphisms]
   474 \begin{axiom}[Product (identity) morphisms]
       
   475 \label{axiom:product}
   470 For each pinched product $\pi:E\to X$, with $X$ a $k$-ball and $E$ a $k{+}m$-ball ($m\ge 1$),
   476 For each pinched product $\pi:E\to X$, with $X$ a $k$-ball and $E$ a $k{+}m$-ball ($m\ge 1$),
   471 there is a map $\pi^*:\cC(X)\to \cC(E)$.
   477 there is a map $\pi^*:\cC(X)\to \cC(E)$.
   472 These maps must satisfy the following conditions.
   478 These maps must satisfy the following conditions.
   473 \begin{enumerate}
   479 \begin{enumerate}
   474 \item
   480 \item
   610 $C_*(\Homeo_\bd(X))$ denote the singular chains on this space.
   616 $C_*(\Homeo_\bd(X))$ denote the singular chains on this space.
   611 
   617 
   612 
   618 
   613 %\addtocounter{axiom}{-1}
   619 %\addtocounter{axiom}{-1}
   614 \begin{axiom}[\textup{\textbf{[$A_\infty$ version]}} Families of homeomorphisms act in dimension $n$.]
   620 \begin{axiom}[\textup{\textbf{[$A_\infty$ version]}} Families of homeomorphisms act in dimension $n$.]
       
   621 \label{axiom:families}
   615 For each $n$-ball $X$ and each $c\in \cl{\cC}(\bd X)$ we have a map of chain complexes
   622 For each $n$-ball $X$ and each $c\in \cl{\cC}(\bd X)$ we have a map of chain complexes
   616 \[
   623 \[
   617 	C_*(\Homeo_\bd(X))\ot \cC(X; c) \to \cC(X; c) .
   624 	C_*(\Homeo_\bd(X))\ot \cC(X; c) \to \cC(X; c) .
   618 \]
   625 \]
   619 These action maps are required to be associative up to homotopy,
   626 These action maps are required to be associative up to homotopy,
  1829 %For the time being, let's say they are.}
  1836 %For the time being, let's say they are.}
  1830 A 1-marked $k$-ball is anything homeomorphic to $B^j \times C(S)$, $0\le j\le n-2$, 
  1837 A 1-marked $k$-ball is anything homeomorphic to $B^j \times C(S)$, $0\le j\le n-2$, 
  1831 where $B^j$ is the standard $j$-ball.
  1838 where $B^j$ is the standard $j$-ball.
  1832 A 1-marked $k$-ball can be decomposed in various ways into smaller balls, which are either 
  1839 A 1-marked $k$-ball can be decomposed in various ways into smaller balls, which are either 
  1833 (a) smaller 1-marked $k$-balls, (b) 0-marked $k$-balls, or (c) plain $k$-balls.
  1840 (a) smaller 1-marked $k$-balls, (b) 0-marked $k$-balls, or (c) plain $k$-balls.
  1834 (See Figure \nn{need figure, and improve caption on other figure}.)
  1841 (See Figure \ref{subdividing1marked}.)
  1835 We now proceed as in the above module definitions.
  1842 We now proceed as in the above module definitions.
  1836 
  1843 
  1837 \begin{figure}[t] \centering
  1844 \begin{figure}[t] \centering
  1838 \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline,line width = 2pt]
  1845 \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline,line width = 2pt]
  1839 \draw[blue][fill=blue!15!white] (0,0) circle (2);
  1846 \draw[blue][fill=blue!15!white] (0,0) circle (2);
  1845 	\draw[line width=1pt, green!50!brown, ->] (M\n.\qm+135) to[out=\qm+135,in=\qm+90] (\qm+5:1.3);
  1852 	\draw[line width=1pt, green!50!brown, ->] (M\n.\qm+135) to[out=\qm+135,in=\qm+90] (\qm+5:1.3);
  1846 }
  1853 }
  1847 \end{tikzpicture}
  1854 \end{tikzpicture}
  1848 \caption{Cone on a marked circle, the prototypical 1-marked ball}
  1855 \caption{Cone on a marked circle, the prototypical 1-marked ball}
  1849 \label{feb21d}
  1856 \label{feb21d}
       
  1857 \end{figure}
       
  1858 
       
  1859 \begin{figure}[t] \centering
       
  1860 \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline,line width = 2pt]
       
  1861 \draw[blue][fill=blue!15!white] (0,0) circle (2);
       
  1862 \fill[red] (0,0) circle (0.1);
       
  1863 \foreach \qm/\qa/\n in {70/-30/0, 120/95/1, -120/180/2} {
       
  1864 	\draw[red] (0,0) -- (\qm:2);
       
  1865 %	\path (\qa:1) node {\color{green!50!brown} $\cA_\n$};
       
  1866 %	\path (\qm+20:2.5) node(M\n) {\color{green!50!brown} $\cM_\n$};
       
  1867 %	\draw[line width=1pt, green!50!brown, ->] (M\n.\qm+135) to[out=\qm+135,in=\qm+90] (\qm+5:1.3);
       
  1868 }
       
  1869 
       
  1870 
       
  1871 \begin{scope}[black, thin]
       
  1872 \clip (0,0) circle (2);
       
  1873 \draw (0:1) -- (90:1) -- (180:1) -- (270:1) -- cycle;
       
  1874 \draw (90:1) -- (90:2.1);
       
  1875 \draw (180:1) -- (180:2.1);
       
  1876 \draw (270:1) -- (270:2.1);
       
  1877 \draw (0:1) -- (15:2.1);
       
  1878 \draw (0:1) -- (315:1.5) -- (270:1);
       
  1879 \draw (315:1.5) -- (315:2.1);
       
  1880 \end{scope}
       
  1881 
       
  1882 \node(0marked) at (2.5,2.25) {$0$-marked ball};
       
  1883 \node(1marked) at (3.5,1) {$1$-marked ball};
       
  1884 \node(plain) at (3,-1) {plain ball};
       
  1885 \draw[line width=1pt, green!50!brown, ->] (0marked.270) to[out=270,in=45] (50:1.1);
       
  1886 \draw[line width=1pt, green!50!brown, ->] (1marked.225) to[out=270,in=45] (0.4,0.1);
       
  1887 \draw[line width=1pt, green!50!brown, ->] (plain.90) to[out=135,in=45] (-45:1);
       
  1888 
       
  1889 \end{tikzpicture}
       
  1890 \caption{Subdividing a $1$-marked ball into plain, $0$-marked and $1$-marked balls.}
       
  1891 \label{subdividing1marked}
  1850 \end{figure}
  1892 \end{figure}
  1851 
  1893 
  1852 A $n$-category 1-sphere module is, among other things, an $n{-}2$-category $\cD$ with
  1894 A $n$-category 1-sphere module is, among other things, an $n{-}2$-category $\cD$ with
  1853 \[
  1895 \[
  1854 	\cD(X) \deq \cM(X\times C(S)) .
  1896 	\cD(X) \deq \cM(X\times C(S)) .
  2211 \end{proof}
  2253 \end{proof}
  2212 
  2254 
  2213 For $n=1$ we have to check an additional ``global" relations corresponding to 
  2255 For $n=1$ we have to check an additional ``global" relations corresponding to 
  2214 rotating the 0-sphere $E$ around the 1-sphere $\bd X$.
  2256 rotating the 0-sphere $E$ around the 1-sphere $\bd X$.
  2215 But if $n=1$, then we are in the case of ordinary algebroids and bimodules,
  2257 But if $n=1$, then we are in the case of ordinary algebroids and bimodules,
  2216 and this is just the well-known ``Frobenius reciprocity" result for bimodules.
  2258 and this is just the well-known ``Frobenius reciprocity" result for bimodules \cite{MR1424954}.
  2217 \nn{find citation for this.  Evans and Kawahigashi? Bisch!}
       
  2218 
  2259 
  2219 \medskip
  2260 \medskip
  2220 
  2261 
  2221 We have now defined $\cS(X; c)$ for any $n{+}1$-ball $X$ with boundary decoration $c$.
  2262 We have now defined $\cS(X; c)$ for any $n{+}1$-ball $X$ with boundary decoration $c$.
  2222 We must also define, for any homeomorphism $X\to X'$, an action $f: \cS(X; c) \to \cS(X', f(c))$.
  2263 We must also define, for any homeomorphism $X\to X'$, an action $f: \cS(X; c) \to \cS(X', f(c))$.