text/hochschild.tex
changeset 234 fa0ec034acc6
parent 232 9a459c7f360e
child 244 cf01e213044a
equal deleted inserted replaced
232:9a459c7f360e 234:fa0ec034acc6
   327 generated by blob diagrams $b$ such that $N_\ep$ is either disjoint from
   327 generated by blob diagrams $b$ such that $N_\ep$ is either disjoint from
   328 or contained in each blob of $b$, and the only labeled point inside $N_\ep$ is $*$.
   328 or contained in each blob of $b$, and the only labeled point inside $N_\ep$ is $*$.
   329 %and the two boundary points of $N_\ep$ are not labeled points of $b$.
   329 %and the two boundary points of $N_\ep$ are not labeled points of $b$.
   330 For a field $y$ on $N_\ep$, let $s_\ep(y)$ be the equivalent picture with~$*$
   330 For a field $y$ on $N_\ep$, let $s_\ep(y)$ be the equivalent picture with~$*$
   331 labeled by $1\otimes 1$ and the only other labeled points at distance $\pm\ep/2$ from $*$.
   331 labeled by $1\otimes 1$ and the only other labeled points at distance $\pm\ep/2$ from $*$.
   332 (See Figure \ref{fig:sy}.) Note that $y - s_\ep(y) \in U(N_\ep)$. We can think of
   332 (See Figure \ref{fig:sy}.) Note that $y - s_\ep(y) \in U(N_\ep)$. 
   333 $\sigma_\ep$ as a chain map $K_*^\ep \to K_*^\ep$ given by replacing the restriction $y$ to $N_\ep$ of each field
   333 Let $\sigma_\ep: K_*^\ep \to K_*^\ep$ be the chain map
       
   334 given by replacing the restriction $y$ to $N_\ep$ of each field
   334 appearing in an element of  $K_*^\ep$ with $s_\ep(y)$.
   335 appearing in an element of  $K_*^\ep$ with $s_\ep(y)$.
   335 Note that $\sigma_\ep(x) \in K'_*$.
   336 Note that $\sigma_\ep(x) \in K'_*$.
   336 \begin{figure}[!ht]
   337 \begin{figure}[!ht]
   337 \begin{align*}
   338 \begin{align*}
   338 y & = \mathfig{0.2}{hochschild/y} &
   339 y & = \mathfig{0.2}{hochschild/y} &
   367 
   368 
   368 If $x$ is a cycle in $K_*(C\otimes C)$, then for sufficiently small $\ep$ we have
   369 If $x$ is a cycle in $K_*(C\otimes C)$, then for sufficiently small $\ep$ we have
   369 $x \in K_*^\ep$.
   370 $x \in K_*^\ep$.
   370 (This is true for any chain in $K_*(C\otimes C)$, since chains are sums of
   371 (This is true for any chain in $K_*(C\otimes C)$, since chains are sums of
   371 finitely many blob diagrams.)
   372 finitely many blob diagrams.)
   372 Then $x$ is homologous to $s_\ep(x)$, which is in $K'_*$, so the inclusion map
   373 Then $x$ is homologous to $\sigma_\ep(x)$, which is in $K'_*$, so the inclusion map
   373 $K'_* \sub K_*(C\otimes C)$ is surjective on homology.
   374 $K'_* \sub K_*(C\otimes C)$ is surjective on homology.
   374 If $y \in K_*(C\otimes C)$ and $\bd y = x \in K'_*$, then $y \in K_*^\ep$ for some $\ep$
   375 If $y \in K_*(C\otimes C)$ and $\bd y = x \in K_*(C\otimes C)$, then $y \in K_*^\ep$ for some $\ep$
   375 and
   376 and
   376 \eq{
   377 \eq{
   377     \bd y = \bd (\sigma_\ep(y) + j_\ep(x)) .
   378     \bd y = \bd (\sigma_\ep(y) + j_\ep(x)) .
   378 }
   379 }
   379 Since $\sigma_\ep(y) + j_\ep(x) \in F'$, it follows that the inclusion map is injective on homology.
   380 Since $\sigma_\ep(y) + j_\ep(x) \in K'_*$, it follows that the inclusion map is injective on homology.
   380 This completes the proof that $K'_*$ is quasi-isomorphic to $K_*(C\otimes C)$.
   381 This completes the proof that $K'_*$ is quasi-isomorphic to $K_*(C\otimes C)$.
   381 
   382 
   382 Let $K''_* \sub K'_*$ be the subcomplex of $K'_*$ where $*$ is not contained in any blob.
   383 Let $K''_* \sub K'_*$ be the subcomplex of $K'_*$ where $*$ is not contained in any blob.
   383 We will show that the inclusion $i: K''_* \to K'_*$ is a homotopy equivalence.
   384 We will show that the inclusion $i: K''_* \to K'_*$ is a homotopy equivalence.
   384 
   385 
   385 First, a lemma:  Let $G''_*$ and $G'_*$ be defined the same as $K''_*$ and $K'_*$, except with
   386 First, a lemma:  Let $G''_*$ and $G'_*$ be defined similarly to $K''_*$ and $K'_*$, except with
   386 $S^1$ replaced some (any) neighborhood of $* \in S^1$.
   387 $S^1$ replaced by some neighborhood $N$ of $* \in S^1$.
       
   388 ($G''_*$ and $G'_*$ depend on $N$, but that is not reflected in the notation.)
   387 Then $G''_*$ and $G'_*$ are both contractible
   389 Then $G''_*$ and $G'_*$ are both contractible
   388 and the inclusion $G''_* \sub G'_*$ is a homotopy equivalence.
   390 and the inclusion $G''_* \sub G'_*$ is a homotopy equivalence.
   389 For $G'_*$ the proof is the same as in (\ref{bcontract}), except that the splitting
   391 For $G'_*$ the proof is the same as in (\ref{bcontract}), except that the splitting
   390 $G'_0 \to H_0(G'_*)$ concentrates the point labels at two points to the right and left of $*$.
   392 $G'_0 \to H_0(G'_*)$ concentrates the point labels at two points to the right and left of $*$.
   391 For $G''_*$ we note that any cycle is supported \nn{need to establish terminology for this; maybe
   393 For $G''_*$ we note that any cycle is supported \nn{need to establish terminology for this; maybe
   392 in ``basic properties" section above} away from $*$.
   394 in ``basic properties" section above} away from $*$.
   393 Thus any cycle lies in the image of the normal blob complex of a disjoint union
   395 Thus any cycle lies in the image of the normal blob complex of a disjoint union
   394 of two intervals, which is contractible by (\ref{bcontract}) and (\ref{disjunion}).
   396 of two intervals, which is contractible by (\ref{bcontract}) and (\ref{disj-union-contract}).
   395 Actually, we need the further (easy) result that the inclusion
   397 Finally, it is easy to see that the inclusion
   396 $G''_* \to G'_*$ induces an isomorphism on $H_0$.
   398 $G''_* \to G'_*$ induces an isomorphism on $H_0$.
   397 
   399 
   398 Next we construct a degree 1 map (homotopy) $h: K'_* \to K'_*$ such that
   400 Next we construct a degree 1 map (homotopy) $h: K'_* \to K'_*$ such that
   399 for all $x \in K'_*$ we have
   401 for all $x \in K'_*$ we have
   400 \eq{
   402 \eq{
   463 \end{align*}
   465 \end{align*}
   464 \caption{The image of $m \tensor a$ in the blob complex.}
   466 \caption{The image of $m \tensor a$ in the blob complex.}
   465 \label{fig:hochschild-1-chains}
   467 \label{fig:hochschild-1-chains}
   466 \end{figure}
   468 \end{figure}
   467 
   469 
   468 In degree 2, we send $m\ot a \ot b$ to the sum of 24 (=6*4) 2-blob diagrams as shown in
   470 In degree 2, we send $m\ot a \ot b$ to the sum of 24 ($=6\cdot4$) 2-blob diagrams as shown in
   469 Figure \ref{fig:hochschild-2-chains}. In Figure \ref{fig:hochschild-2-chains} the 1- and 2-blob diagrams are indicated only by their support.
   471 Figure \ref{fig:hochschild-2-chains}. In Figure \ref{fig:hochschild-2-chains} the 1- and 2-blob diagrams are indicated only by their support.
   470 We leave it to the reader to determine the labels of the 1-blob diagrams.
   472 We leave it to the reader to determine the labels of the 1-blob diagrams.
   471 \begin{figure}[!ht]
   473 \begin{figure}[!ht]
   472 \begin{equation*}
   474 \begin{equation*}
   473 \mathfig{0.6}{hochschild/2-chains-0}
   475 \mathfig{0.6}{hochschild/2-chains-0}
   480 \end{figure}
   482 \end{figure}
   481 Each 2-cell in the figure is labeled by a ball $V$ in $S^1$ which contains the support of all
   483 Each 2-cell in the figure is labeled by a ball $V$ in $S^1$ which contains the support of all
   482 1-blob diagrams in its boundary.
   484 1-blob diagrams in its boundary.
   483 Such a 2-cell corresponds to a sum of the 2-blob diagrams obtained by adding $V$
   485 Such a 2-cell corresponds to a sum of the 2-blob diagrams obtained by adding $V$
   484 as an outer (non-twig) blob to each of the 1-blob diagrams in the boundary of the 2-cell.
   486 as an outer (non-twig) blob to each of the 1-blob diagrams in the boundary of the 2-cell.
   485 Figure \ref{fig:hochschild-example-2-cell} shows this explicitly for one of the 2-cells.
   487 Figure \ref{fig:hochschild-example-2-cell} shows this explicitly for the 2-cell
       
   488 labeled $A$ in Figure \ref{fig:hochschild-2-chains}.
   486 Note that the (blob complex) boundary of this sum of 2-blob diagrams is
   489 Note that the (blob complex) boundary of this sum of 2-blob diagrams is
   487 precisely the sum of the 1-blob diagrams corresponding to the boundary of the 2-cell.
   490 precisely the sum of the 1-blob diagrams corresponding to the boundary of the 2-cell.
   488 (Compare with the proof of \ref{bcontract}.)
   491 (Compare with the proof of \ref{bcontract}.)
   489 
   492 
   490 \begin{figure}[!ht]
   493 \begin{figure}[!ht]