diff -r 630ceb40a07b -r 7afacaa87bdb text/appendixes/famodiff.tex --- a/text/appendixes/famodiff.tex Thu May 27 14:15:19 2010 -0700 +++ b/text/appendixes/famodiff.tex Thu May 27 15:06:48 2010 -0700 @@ -9,14 +9,10 @@ (That is, $r_\alpha : X \to [0,1]$; $r_\alpha(x) = 0$ if $x\notin U_\alpha$; for fixed $x$, $r_\alpha(x) \ne 0$ for only finitely many $\alpha$; and $\sum_\alpha r_\alpha = 1$.) Since $X$ is compact, we will further assume that $r_\alpha = 0$ (globally) -for all but finitely many $\alpha$. +for all but finitely many $\alpha$. \nn{Can't we just assume $\cU$ is finite? Is something subtler happening? -S} -Let -\[ - CM_*(X, T) \deq C_*(\Maps(X\to T)) , -\] -the singular chains on the space of continuous maps from $X$ to $T$. -$CM_k(X, T)$ is generated by continuous maps +Consider $C_*(\Maps(X\to T))$, the singular chains on the space of continuous maps from $X$ to $T$. +$C_k(\Maps(X \to T))$ is generated by continuous maps \[ f: P\times X \to T , \] @@ -24,7 +20,7 @@ Recall that $f$ is {\it supported} on $S\sub X$ if $f(p, x)$ does not depend on $p$ when $x \notin S$, and that $f$ is {\it adapted} to $\cU$ if $f$ is supported on the union of at most $k$ of the $U_\alpha$'s. -A chain $c \in CM_*(X, T)$ is adapted to $\cU$ if it is a linear combination of +A chain $c \in C_*(\Maps(X \to T))$ is adapted to $\cU$ if it is a linear combination of generators which are adapted. \begin{lemma} \label{basic_adaptation_lemma} @@ -40,14 +36,12 @@ the restrictions $F(1, \cdot, \cdot) : D_i\times X\to T$ are all adapted to $\cU$. \item If $f$ has support $S\sub X$, then $F: (I\times P)\times X\to T$ (a $k{+}1$-parameter family of maps) also has support $S$. -Furthermore, if $Q\sub\bd P$ is a convex linear subpolyhedron of $\bd P$ and $f$ restricted to $Q$ -has support $S'$, then +Furthermore, if $Q$ is a convex linear subpolyhedron of $\bd P$ and $f$ restricted to $Q$ +has support $S' \subset X$, then $F: (I\times Q)\times X\to T$ also has support $S'$. -\item If for all $p\in P$ we have $f(p, \cdot):X\to T$ is a -[immersion, diffeomorphism, PL homeomorphism, bi-Lipschitz homeomorphism] -then the same is true of $F(t, p, \cdot)$ for all $t\in I$ and $p\in P$. -(Of course we must assume that $X$ and $T$ are the appropriate -sort of manifolds for this to make sense.) +\item Suppose both $X$ and $T$ are smooth manifolds, metric spaces, or PL manifolds, and let $\cX$ denote the subspace of $\Maps(X \to T)$ consisting of immersions or of diffeomorphisms (in the smooth case), bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms (in the metric case), or PL homeomorphisms (in the PL case). + If $f$ is smooth, Lipschitz or PL, as appropriate, and $f(p, \cdot):X\to T$ is in $\cX$ for all $p \in P$ +then $F(t, p, \cdot)$ is also in $\cX$ for all $t\in I$ and $p\in P$. \end{enumerate} \end{lemma} @@ -80,7 +74,7 @@ For each (top-dimensional) $k$-cell $C$ of each $K_\alpha$, choose a point $p(C) \in C \sub P$. If $C$ meets a subpolyhedron $Q$ of $\bd P$, we require that $p(C)\in Q$. (It follows that if $C$ meets both $Q$ and $Q'$, then $p(C)\in Q\cap Q'$. -This puts some mild constraints on the choice of $K_\alpha$.) +Ensuring this is possible corresponds to some mild constraints on the choice of the $K_\alpha$.) Let $D$ be a $k$-handle of $\jj$. For each $\alpha$ let $C(D, \alpha)$ be the $k$-cell of $K_\alpha$ which contains $D$ @@ -134,7 +128,7 @@ \right) . \end{equation} -This completes the definition of $u: I \times P \times X \to P$. +This completes the definition of $u: I \times P \times X \to P$. The formulas above are consistent: for $p$ at the boundary between a $k-j$-handle and a $k-(j+1)$-handle the corresponding expressions in Equation \eqref{eq:u} agree, since one of the normal coordinates becomes $0$ or $1$. Note that if $Q\sub \bd P$ is a convex linear subpolyhedron, then $u(I\times Q\times X) \sub Q$. \medskip @@ -150,7 +144,7 @@ Next we show that for each handle $D$ of $J$, $F(1, \cdot, \cdot) : D\times X \to X$ is a singular cell adapted to $\cU$. Let $k-j$ be the index of $D$. -Referring to Equation \ref{eq:u}, we see that $F(1, p, x)$ depends on $p$ only if +Referring to Equation \eqref{eq:u}, we see that $F(1, p, x)$ depends on $p$ only if $r_\beta(x) \ne 0$ for some $\beta\in\cN$, i.e.\ only if $x\in \bigcup_{\beta\in\cN} U_\beta$. Since the cardinality of $\cN$ is $j$ which is less than or equal to $k$, @@ -176,7 +170,7 @@ \medskip Now for claim 4 of the lemma. -Assume that $X$ and $T$ are smooth manifolds and that $f$ is a family of diffeomorphisms. +Assume that $X$ and $T$ are smooth manifolds and that $f$ is a smooth family of diffeomorphisms. We must show that we can choose the $K_\alpha$'s and $u$ so that $F(t, p, \cdot)$ is a diffeomorphism for all $t$ and $p$. It suffices to @@ -188,8 +182,8 @@ } Since $f$ is a family of diffeomorphisms and $X$ and $P$ are compact, $\pd{f}{x}$ is non-singular and bounded away from zero. -Also, $\pd{f}{p}$ is bounded. -So if we can insure that $\pd{u}{x}$ is sufficiently small, we are done. +Also, since $f$ is smooth $\pd{f}{p}$ is bounded. +Thus if we can insure that $\pd{u}{x}$ is sufficiently small, we are done. It follows from Equation \eqref{eq:u} above that $\pd{u}{x}$ depends on $\pd{r_\alpha}{x}$ (which is bounded) and the differences amongst the various $p(D_0,\alpha)$'s and $q_{\beta i}$'s. @@ -200,7 +194,7 @@ through essentially unchanged. Next we consider the case where $f$ is a family of bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms. -We assume that $f$ is Lipschitz in $P$ direction as well. +Recall that we assume that $f$ is Lipschitz in the $P$ direction as well. The argument in this case is similar to the one above for diffeomorphisms, with bounded partial derivatives replaced by Lipschitz constants. Since $X$ and $P$ are compact, there is a universal bi-Lipschitz constant that works for @@ -214,15 +208,14 @@ \end{proof} \begin{lemma} -Let $CM_*(X\to T)$ be the singular chains on the space of continuous maps -[resp. immersions, diffeomorphisms, PL homeomorphisms, bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms] -from $X$ to $T$, and let $G_*\sub CM_*(X\to T)$ denote the chains adapted to an open cover $\cU$ +Let $\cX_*$ be any of $C_*(\Maps(X \to T))$ or singular chains on the subspace of $\Maps(X\to T)$ consisting of immersions, diffeomorphisms, bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms or PL homeomorphisms. +Let $G_* \subset \cX_*$ denote the chains adapted to an open cover $\cU$ of $X$. -Then $G_*$ is a strong deformation retract of $CM_*(X\to T)$. +Then $G_*$ is a strong deformation retract of $\cX_*$. \end{lemma} \begin{proof} -If suffices to show that given a generator $f:P\times X\to T$ of $CM_k(X\to T)$ with -$\bd f \in G_{k-1}$ there exists $h\in CM_{k+1}(X\to T)$ with $\bd h = f + g$ and $g \in G_k$. +If suffices to show that given a generator $f:P\times X\to T$ of $\cX_k$ with +$\bd f \in G_{k-1}$ there exists $h\in \cX_{k+1}$ with $\bd h = f + g$ and $g \in G_k$. This is exactly what Lemma \ref{basic_adaptation_lemma} gives us. More specifically, let $\bd P = \sum Q_i$, with each $Q_i\in G_{k-1}$.