diff -r 08bbcf3ec4d2 -r db91d0a8ed75 text/intro.tex --- a/text/intro.tex Wed Oct 28 21:59:38 2009 +0000 +++ b/text/intro.tex Fri Oct 30 04:05:33 2009 +0000 @@ -2,17 +2,37 @@ \section{Introduction} +We construct the ``blob complex'' $\bc_*(M; \cC)$ associated to an $n$-manifold $M$ and a ``linear $n$-category with strong duality'' $\cC$. This blob complex provides a simultaneous generalisation of several well-understood constructions: +\begin{itemize} +\item The vector space $H_0(\bc_*(M; \cC))$ is isomorphic to the usual topological quantum field theory invariant of $M$ associated to $\cC$. (See \S \ref{sec:fields} \nn{more specific}.) +\item When $n=1$, $\cC$ is just an associative algebroid, and $\bc_*(S^1; \cC)$ is quasi-isomorphic to the Hochschild complex $\HC_*(\cC)$. (See \S \ref{sec:hochschild}.) +\item When $\cC = k[t]$, thought of as an n-category, we have $$H_*(\bc_*(M; k[t])) = H^{\text{sing}}_*(\Delta^\infty(M), k).$$ (See \S \ref{sec:comm_alg}.) +\end{itemize} +The blob complex has good formal properties, summarized in \S \ref{sec:properties}. These include an action of $\CD{M}$, extending the usual $\Diff(M)$ action on the TQFT space $H_0$ (see Property \ref{property:evaluation}) and a `gluing formula' allowing calculations by cutting manifolds into smaller parts (see Property \ref{property:gluing}). + +The blob complex definition is motivated by \nn{ continue here ...} give multiple motivations/viewpoints for blob complex: (1) derived cat +version of TQFT Hilbert space; (2) generalization of Hochschild homology to higher $n$-cats; +(3) ? sort-of-obvious colimit type construction; +(4) ? a generalization of $C_*(\Maps(M, T))$ to the case where $T$ is +a category rather than a manifold + +We expect applications of the blob complex to \nn{ ... } but do not address these in this paper. +\nn{hope to apply to Kh, contact, (other examples?) in the future} + + +\subsubsection{Structure of the paper} + +The first part of the paper (sections \S \ref{sec:fields}---\S \ref{sec:evaluation}) gives the definition of the blob complex, and establishes some of its properties. There are many alternative definitions of $n$-categories, and part of our difficulty defining the blob complex is simply explaining what we mean by an ``$n$-category with strong duality'' as one of the inputs. At first we entirely avoid this problem by introducing the notion of a `system of fields', and define the blob complex associated to an $n$-manifold and an $n$-dimensional system of fields. We sketch the construction of a system of fields from a $1$-category or from a pivotal $2$-category. + +Nevertheless, when we attempt to establish all of the observed properties of the blob complex, we find this situation unsatisfactory. Thus, in the second part of the paper (section \S \ref{sec:ncats}) we pause and give yet another definition of an $n$-category, or rather a definition of an $n$-category with strong duality. (It's not clear that we could remove the duality conditions from our definition, even if we wanted to.) We call these ``topological $n$-categories'', to differentiate them from previous versions. Moreover, we find that we need analogous $A_\infty$ $n$-categories, and we define these as well following very similar axioms. When $n=1$ these reduce to the usual $A_\infty$ categories. + +In the third part of the paper (section \S \ref{sec:ainfblob}) we explain how to construct a system of fields from a topological $n$-category, and give an alternative definition of the blob complex for an $n$-manifold and an $A_\infty$ $n$-category. Using these definitions, we show how to use the blob complex to `resolve' any topological $n$-category as an $A_\infty$ $n$-category, and relate the first and second definitions of the blob complex. We use the blob complex for $A_\infty$ $n$-categories to establish important properties of the blob complex (in both variants), in particular the `gluing formula' of Property \ref{property:gluing} below. + + [some things to cover in the intro] \begin{itemize} \item explain relation between old and new blob complex definitions \item overview of sections -\item state main properties of blob complex (already mostly done below) -\item give multiple motivations/viewpoints for blob complex: (1) derived cat -version of TQFT Hilbert space; (2) generalization of Hochschild homology to higher $n$-cats; -(3) ? sort-of-obvious colimit type construction; -(4) ? a generalization of $C_*(\Maps(M, T))$ to the case where $T$ is -a category rather than a manifold -\item hope to apply to Kh, contact, (other examples?) in the future \item ?? we have resisted the temptation (actually, it was not a temptation) to state things in the greatest generality possible @@ -84,6 +104,8 @@ \hrule \bigskip +\subsection{Formal properties} +\label{sec:properties} We then show that blob homology enjoys the following properties. \begin{property}[Functoriality] @@ -149,14 +171,13 @@ \end{equation*} \end{property} - +Here $\CD{X}$ is the singular chain complex of the space of diffeomorphisms of $X$, fixed on $\bdy X$. \begin{property}[$C_*(\Diff(-))$ action] \label{property:evaluation}% There is a chain map \begin{equation*} \ev_X: \CD{X} \tensor \bc_*(X) \to \bc_*(X). \end{equation*} -(Here $\CD{X}$ is the singular chain complex of the space of diffeomorphisms of $X$, fixed on $\bdy X$.) Restricted to $C_0(\Diff(X))$ this is just the action of diffeomorphisms described in Property \ref{property:functoriality}. Further, for any codimension $1$-submanifold $Y \subset X$ dividing $X$ into $X_1 \cup_Y X_2$, the following diagram @@ -170,11 +191,22 @@ } \end{equation*} \nn{should probably say something about associativity here (or not?)} -\nn{maybe do self-gluing instead of 2 pieces case} +\nn{maybe do self-gluing instead of 2 pieces case:} +Further, for +any codimension $0$-submanifold $Y \sqcup Y^\text{op} \subset \bdy X$ the following diagram +(using the gluing maps described in Property \ref{property:gluing-map}) commutes. +\begin{equation*} +\xymatrix@C+2cm{ + \CD{X \bigcup_Y \selfarrow} \otimes \bc_*(X \bigcup_Y \selfarrow) \ar[r]^<<<<<<<<<<<<{\ev_{(X \bigcup_Y \scalebox{0.5}{\selfarrow})}} & \bc_*(X \bigcup_Y \selfarrow) \\ + \CD{X} \otimes \bc_*(X) + \ar[r]_{\ev_{X}} \ar[u]^{\gl^{\Diff}_Y \otimes \gl_Y} & + \bc_*(X) \ar[u]_{\gl_Y} +} +\end{equation*} \end{property} There is a version of the blob complex for $\cC$ an $A_\infty$ $n$-category -instead of a garden variety $n$-category. +instead of a garden variety $n$-category; this is described in \S \ref{sec:ainfblob}. \begin{property}[Product formula] Let $M^n = Y^{n-k}\times W^k$ and let $\cC$ be an $n$-category.