# HG changeset patch # User Kevin Walker # Date 1312987838 21600 # Node ID 92bf1b37af9b24fe08ee84c5b81a180f14a63871 # Parent 0bebc467f65af47c7423878c1ae9b4bc089dde59# Parent c9df0c67af5d76a0e3151638d2904488781d4732 dealing with merge failure diff -r c9df0c67af5d -r 92bf1b37af9b RefereeReport.pdf Binary file RefereeReport.pdf has changed diff -r c9df0c67af5d -r 92bf1b37af9b gadgets-external.pdf Binary file gadgets-external.pdf has changed diff -r c9df0c67af5d -r 92bf1b37af9b text/a_inf_blob.tex --- a/text/a_inf_blob.tex Wed Aug 10 08:16:43 2011 -0600 +++ b/text/a_inf_blob.tex Wed Aug 10 08:50:38 2011 -0600 @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ %!TEX root = ../blob1.tex -\section{The blob complex for \texorpdfstring{$A_\infty$}{A-infinity} \texorpdfstring{$n$}{n}-categories} +\section{The blob complex for \texorpdfstring{$A_\infty$}{A-infinity} disk-like \texorpdfstring{$n$}{n}-categories} \label{sec:ainfblob} -Given an $A_\infty$ $n$-category $\cC$ and an $n$-manifold $M$, we make the +Given an $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category $\cC$ and an $n$-manifold $M$, we make the anticlimactically tautological definition of the blob complex $\bc_*(M;\cC)$ to be the homotopy colimit $\cl{\cC}(M)$ of \S\ref{ss:ncat_fields}. @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Given an $n$-dimensional system of fields $\cE$ and a $n{-}k$-manifold $F$, recall from -Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls} that there is an $A_\infty$ $k$-category $\cC_F$ +Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls} that there is an $A_\infty$ disk-like $k$-category $\cC_F$ defined by $\cC_F(X) = \cE(X\times F)$ if $\dim(X) < k$ and $\cC_F(X) = \bc_*(X\times F;\cE)$ if $\dim(X) = k$. @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ the case. (Consider the $x$-axis and the graph of $y = e^{-1/x^2} \sin(1/x)$ in $\r^2$.) However, we {\it can} find another decomposition $L$ such that $L$ shares common -refinements with both $K$ and $K'$. (For instance, in the example above, $L$ can be the graph of $y=x^2+1$.) +refinements with both $K$ and $K'$. (For instance, in the example above, $L$ can be the graph of $y=x^2-1$.) This follows from Axiom \ref{axiom:vcones}, which in turn follows from the splitting axiom for the system of fields $\cE$. Let $KL$ and $K'L$ denote these two refinements. @@ -219,11 +219,11 @@ %\nn{need to prove a version where $E$ above has dimension $m] (C) -- node[above] {$\displaystyle \colim_{\cell(M)} \cC$} node[below] {\S\S \ref{sec:constructing-a-tqft} \& \ref{ss:ncat_fields}} (A); -\draw[->] (FU) -- node[below] {blob complex \\ for $M$} (BC); + +\draw[->] (FU) -- node[above] {blob complex \\ for $M$} node[below]{\S \ref{sec:blob-definition}} (BC); \draw[->] (Cs) -- node[above] {$\displaystyle \hocolim_{\cell(M)} \cC_*$} node[below] {\S \ref{ss:ncat_fields}} (BCs); -\draw[->] (FU) -- node[right=10pt] {$\cF(M)/U$} (A); +\draw[->] (FU) -- node[right=10pt] {$\cF(M)/U$ \\ Defn \ref{defn:TQFT-invariant}} (A); -\draw[->] (tC) -- node[above] {Example \ref{ex:traditional-n-categories(fields)}} (FU); +\draw[->] (tC) -- node[below] {Example \ref{ex:traditional-n-categories(fields)}\\ and \S \ref{sec:example:traditional-n-categories(fields)}} (FU); + \draw[->] (C.-100) -- node[left] { \S \ref{ss:ncat_fields} %$\displaystyle \cF(M) = \DirectSum_{c \in\cell(M)} \cC(c)$ \\ $\displaystyle U(B) = \DirectSum_{c \in \cell(B)} \ker \ev: \cC(c) \to \cC(B)$ } (FU.100); -\draw[->] (C) -- node[above left=3pt] {restrict to \\ standard balls} (tC); +\draw[->] (C.210) -- node[above left=3pt] {restrict to \\ standard balls} (tC.42); +\draw[->] (tC) -- node[below=4.5pt] {c.f. \S \ref{sec:comparing-defs}} (C.220); \draw[->] (FU.80) -- node[right] {restrict \\ to balls} (C.-80); \draw[->] (BC) -- node[right] {$H_0$ \\ c.f. Proposition \ref{thm:skein-modules}} (A); -\draw[->] (FU) -- node[left] {blob complex \\ for balls} (Cs); +\draw[->] (FU) -- node[left] {blob complex \\ for balls \\ Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}} (Cs); \draw[<->] (BC) -- node[right] {$\iso$ by \\ Corollary \ref{cor:new-old}} (BCs); \end{tikzpicture} \endpgfgraphicnamed% @@ -152,8 +155,8 @@ a higher dimensional generalization of the Deligne conjecture (that the little discs operad acts on Hochschild cochains) in terms of the blob complex. The appendices prove technical results about $\CH{M}$ and -make connections between our definitions of $n$-categories and familiar definitions for $n=1$ and $n=2$, -as well as relating the $n=1$ case of our $A_\infty$ $n$-categories with usual $A_\infty$ algebras. +make connections between our definitions of disk-like $n$-categories and familiar definitions for $n=1$ and $n=2$, +as well as relating the $n=1$ case of our $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-categories with usual $A_\infty$ algebras. %Appendix \ref{sec:comm_alg} describes the blob complex when $\cC$ is a commutative algebra, %thought of as a disk-like $n$-category, in terms of the topology of $M$. @@ -370,42 +373,42 @@ from which we can construct systems of fields. Below, when we talk about the blob complex for a disk-like $n$-category, we are implicitly passing first to this associated system of fields. -Further, in \S \ref{sec:ncats} we also have the notion of an $A_\infty$ $n$-category. +Further, in \S \ref{sec:ncats} we also have the notion of an $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category. In that section we describe how to use the blob complex to -construct $A_\infty$ $n$-categories from ordinary $n$-categories: +construct $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-categories from ordinary disk-like $n$-categories: \newtheorem*{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}{Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}} -\begin{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}[Blob complexes of products with balls form an $A_\infty$ $n$-category] +\begin{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}[Blob complexes of products with balls form an $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category] %\label{thm:blobs-ainfty} -Let $\cC$ be an ordinary $n$-category. +Let $\cC$ be an ordinary disk-like $n$-category. Let $Y$ be an $n{-}k$-manifold. -There is an $A_\infty$ $k$-category $\bc_*(Y;\cC)$, defined on each $m$-ball $D$, for $0 \leq m < k$, +There is an $A_\infty$ disk-like $k$-category $\bc_*(Y;\cC)$, defined on each $m$-ball $D$, for $0 \leq m < k$, to be the set $$\bc_*(Y;\cC)(D) = \cC(Y \times D)$$ and on $k$-balls $D$ to be the set $$\bc_*(Y;\cC)(D) = \bc_*(Y \times D; \cC).$$ (When $m=k$ the subsets with fixed boundary conditions form a chain complex.) -These sets have the structure of an $A_\infty$ $k$-category, with compositions coming from the gluing map in +These sets have the structure of an $A_\infty$ disk-like $k$-category, with compositions coming from the gluing map in Property \ref{property:gluing-map} and with the action of families of homeomorphisms given in Theorem \ref{thm:evaluation}. \end{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls} \begin{rem} Perhaps the most interesting case is when $Y$ is just a point; -then we have a way of building an $A_\infty$ $n$-category from an ordinary $n$-category. -We think of this $A_\infty$ $n$-category as a free resolution. +then we have a way of building an $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category from an ordinary disk-like $n$-category. +We think of this $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category as a free resolution. \end{rem} -There is a version of the blob complex for $\cC$ an $A_\infty$ $n$-category -instead of an ordinary $n$-category; this is described in \S \ref{sec:ainfblob}. +There is a version of the blob complex for $\cC$ an $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category +instead of an ordinary disk-like $n$-category; this is described in \S \ref{sec:ainfblob}. The definition is in fact simpler, almost tautological, and we use a different notation, $\cl{\cC}(M)$. The next theorem describes the blob complex for product manifolds, -in terms of the $A_\infty$ blob complex of the $A_\infty$ $n$-categories constructed as in the previous example. +in terms of the $A_\infty$ blob complex of the $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-categories constructed as in the previous example. %The notation is intended to reflect the close parallel with the definition of the TQFT skein module via a colimit. \newtheorem*{thm:product}{Theorem \ref{thm:product}} \begin{thm:product}[Product formula] Let $W$ be a $k$-manifold and $Y$ be an $n-k$ manifold. -Let $\cC$ be an $n$-category. -Let $\bc_*(Y;\cC)$ be the $A_\infty$ $k$-category associated to $Y$ via blob homology +Let $\cC$ be a disk-like $n$-category. +Let $\bc_*(Y;\cC)$ be the $A_\infty$ disk-like $k$-category associated to $Y$ via blob homology (see Example \ref{ex:blob-complexes-of-balls}). Then \[ @@ -417,7 +420,7 @@ Fix a disk-like $n$-category $\cC$, which we'll omit from the notation. Recall that for any $(n-1)$-manifold $Y$, the blob complex $\bc_*(Y)$ is naturally an $A_\infty$ category. -(See Appendix \ref{sec:comparing-A-infty} for the translation between disk-like $A_\infty$ $1$-categories and the usual algebraic notion of an $A_\infty$ category.) +(See Appendix \ref{sec:comparing-A-infty} for the translation between $A_\infty$ disk-like $1$-categories and the usual algebraic notion of an $A_\infty$ category.) \newtheorem*{thm:gluing}{Theorem \ref{thm:gluing}} @@ -444,7 +447,7 @@ \newtheorem*{thm:map-recon}{Theorem \ref{thm:map-recon}} \begin{thm:map-recon}[Mapping spaces] -Let $\pi^\infty_{\le n}(T)$ denote the $A_\infty$ $n$-category based on maps +Let $\pi^\infty_{\le n}(T)$ denote the $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category based on maps $B^n \to T$. (The case $n=1$ is the usual $A_\infty$-category of paths in $T$.) Then @@ -509,11 +512,11 @@ since we think of the higher homotopies not as morphisms of the $n$-category but rather as belonging to some auxiliary category (like chain complexes) that we are enriching in. -We have decided to call them ``$A_\infty$ $n$-categories", since they are a natural generalization +We have decided to call them ``$A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-categories", since they are a natural generalization of the familiar $A_\infty$ 1-categories. We also considered the names ``homotopy $n$-categories" and ``infinity $n$-categories". When we need to emphasize that we are talking about an $n$-category which is not $A_\infty$ in this sense -we will say ``ordinary $n$-category". +we will say ``ordinary disk-like $n$-category". % small problem: our n-cats are of course strictly associative, since we have more morphisms. % when we say ``associative only up to homotopy" above we are thinking about % what would happen we we tried to convert to a more traditional n-cat with fewer morphisms diff -r c9df0c67af5d -r 92bf1b37af9b text/ncat.tex --- a/text/ncat.tex Wed Aug 10 08:16:43 2011 -0600 +++ b/text/ncat.tex Wed Aug 10 08:50:38 2011 -0600 @@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ \def\xxpar#1#2{\smallskip\noindent{\bf #1} {\it #2} \smallskip} \def\mmpar#1#2#3{\smallskip\noindent{\bf #1} (#2). {\it #3} \smallskip} -\section{\texorpdfstring{$n$}{n}-categories and their modules} +\section{Disk-like \texorpdfstring{$n$}{n}-categories and their modules} \label{sec:ncats} -\subsection{Definition of \texorpdfstring{$n$}{n}-categories} +\subsection{Definition of disk-like \texorpdfstring{$n$}{n}-categories} \label{ss:n-cat-def} Before proceeding, we need more appropriate definitions of $n$-categories, @@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ \medskip -The axioms for an $n$-category are spread throughout this section. -Collecting these together, an $n$-category is a gadget satisfying Axioms \ref{axiom:morphisms}, +The axioms for a disk-like $n$-category are spread throughout this section. +Collecting these together, a disk-like $n$-category is a gadget satisfying Axioms \ref{axiom:morphisms}, \ref{nca-boundary}, \ref{axiom:composition}, \ref{nca-assoc}, \ref{axiom:product}, \ref{axiom:extended-isotopies} and \ref{axiom:vcones}. -For an enriched $n$-category we add Axiom \ref{axiom:enriched}. -For an $A_\infty$ $n$-category, we replace +For an enriched disk-like $n$-category we add Axiom \ref{axiom:enriched}. +For an $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category, we replace Axiom \ref{axiom:extended-isotopies} with Axiom \ref{axiom:families}. Strictly speaking, before we can state the axioms for $k$-morphisms we need all the axioms @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ %\nn{need to check whether this makes much difference} (If smooth, ``homeomorphism" should be read ``diffeomorphism", and we would need to be fussier about corners and boundaries.) -For each flavor of manifold there is a corresponding flavor of $n$-category. +For each flavor of manifold there is a corresponding flavor of disk-like $n$-category. For simplicity, we will concentrate on the case of PL unoriented manifolds. An ambitious reader may want to keep in mind two other classes of balls. @@ -807,8 +807,8 @@ \medskip -This completes the definition of an $n$-category. -Next we define enriched $n$-categories. +This completes the definition of a disk-like $n$-category. +Next we define enriched disk-like $n$-categories. \medskip @@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ For convenience, we will also assume that the objects of our auxiliary category are sets with extra structure. (Otherwise, stating the axioms for identity morphisms becomes more cumbersome.) -Before stating the revised axioms for an $n$-category enriched in a distributive monoidal category, +Before stating the revised axioms for a disk-like $n$-category enriched in a distributive monoidal category, we need a preliminary definition. Once we have the above $n$-category axioms for $n{-}1$-morphisms, we can define the category $\bbc$ of {\it $n$-balls with boundary conditions}. @@ -846,10 +846,10 @@ homeomorphisms $f:X\to X'$ such that $f|_{\bd X}(c) = c'$. %Let $\pi_0(\bbc)$ denote -\begin{axiom}[Enriched $n$-categories] +\begin{axiom}[Enriched disk-like $n$-categories] \label{axiom:enriched} Let $\cS$ be a distributive symmetric monoidal category. -An $n$-category enriched in $\cS$ satisfies the above $n$-category axioms for $k=0,\ldots,n-1$, +A disk-like $n$-category enriched in $\cS$ satisfies the above $n$-category axioms for $k=0,\ldots,n-1$, and modifies the axioms for $k=n$ as follows: \begin{itemize} \item Morphisms. We have a functor $\cC_n$ from $\bbc$ ($n$-balls with boundary conditions) to $\cS$. @@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ or more generally an appropriate sort of $\infty$-category, we can modify the extended isotopy axiom \ref{axiom:extended-isotopies} to require that families of homeomorphisms act -and obtain what we shall call an $A_\infty$ $n$-category. +and obtain what we shall call an $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category. \noop{ We believe that abstract definitions should be guided by diverse collections @@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ (This is the example most relevant to this paper.) Then compatibility implies that the action of $C_*(\Homeo(X,c; X', c'))$ agrees with the action of $C_0(\Homeo(X,c; X', c'))$ coming from Axiom \ref{axiom:morphisms}, so we only require associativity in degree zero. -And indeed, this is true for our main example of an $A_\infty$ $n$-category based on the blob construction. +And indeed, this is true for our main example of an $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category based on the blob construction. Stating this sort of compatibility for general $\cS$ and $\cJ$ requires further assumptions, such as the forgetful functor from $\cS$ to sets having a left adjoint, and $\cS$ having an internal Hom. @@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ For future reference we make the following definition. \begin{defn} -A {\em strict $A_\infty$ $n$-category} is one in which the actions of Axiom \ref{axiom:families} are strictly associative. +A {\em strict $A_\infty$ disk-like $n$-category} is one in which the actions of Axiom \ref{axiom:families} are strictly associative. \end{defn} \noop{ @@ -966,13 +966,13 @@ \medskip -We define a $j$ times monoidal $n$-category to be an $(n{+}j)$-category $\cC$ where +We define a $j$ times monoidal disk-like $n$-category to be a disk-like $(n{+}j)$-category $\cC$ where $\cC(X)$ is a trivial 1-element set if $X$ is a $k$-ball with $k