text/evmap.tex
changeset 438 0d62ea7c653d
parent 434 785e4953a811
parent 437 93ce0ba3d2d7
child 447 ba4f86b15ff0
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    11 We also will use the abbreviated notation $CH_*(X) \deq CH_*(X, X)$.
    11 We also will use the abbreviated notation $CH_*(X) \deq CH_*(X, X)$.
    12 (For convenience, we will permit the singular cells generating $CH_*(X, Y)$ to be more general
    12 (For convenience, we will permit the singular cells generating $CH_*(X, Y)$ to be more general
    13 than simplices --- they can be based on any linear polyhedron.
    13 than simplices --- they can be based on any linear polyhedron.
    14 \nn{be more restrictive here?  does more need to be said?})
    14 \nn{be more restrictive here?  does more need to be said?})
    15 
    15 
    16 \begin{prop}  \label{CHprop}
    16 \begin{thm}  \label{thm:CH}
    17 For $n$-manifolds $X$ and $Y$ there is a chain map
    17 For $n$-manifolds $X$ and $Y$ there is a chain map
    18 \eq{
    18 \eq{
    19     e_{XY} : CH_*(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X) \to \bc_*(Y)
    19     e_{XY} : CH_*(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X) \to \bc_*(Y)
    20 }
    20 }
    21 such that
    21 such that
    22 \begin{enumerate}
    22 \begin{enumerate}
    23 \item on $CH_0(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X)$ it agrees with the obvious action of 
    23 \item on $CH_0(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X)$ it agrees with the obvious action of 
    24 $\Homeo(X, Y)$ on $\bc_*(X)$ (Property (\ref{property:functoriality})), and
    24 $\Homeo(X, Y)$ on $\bc_*(X)$  described in Property (\ref{property:functoriality}), and
    25 \item for any compatible splittings $X\to X\sgl$ and $Y\to Y\sgl$, 
    25 \item for any compatible splittings $X\to X\sgl$ and $Y\to Y\sgl$, 
    26 the following diagram commutes up to homotopy
    26 the following diagram commutes up to homotopy
    27 \begin{equation*}
    27 \begin{equation*}
    28 \xymatrix@C+2cm{
    28 \xymatrix@C+2cm{
    29       CH_*(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X)
    29       CH_*(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X)
    33 }
    33 }
    34 \end{equation*}
    34 \end{equation*}
    35 \end{enumerate}
    35 \end{enumerate}
    36 Up to (iterated) homotopy, there is a unique family $\{e_{XY}\}$ of chain maps
    36 Up to (iterated) homotopy, there is a unique family $\{e_{XY}\}$ of chain maps
    37 satisfying the above two conditions.
    37 satisfying the above two conditions.
    38 \end{prop}
    38 \end{thm}
    39 
    39 
    40 Before giving the proof, we state the essential technical tool of Lemma \ref{extension_lemma}, 
    40 Before giving the proof, we state the essential technical tool of Lemma \ref{extension_lemma}, 
    41 and then give an outline of the method of proof.
    41 and then give an outline of the method of proof.
    42 
    42 
    43 Without loss of generality, we will assume $X = Y$.
    43 Without loss of generality, we will assume $X = Y$.
    73 
    73 
    74 The proof will be given in \S\ref{sec:localising}.
    74 The proof will be given in \S\ref{sec:localising}.
    75 
    75 
    76 \medskip
    76 \medskip
    77 
    77 
    78 Before diving into the details, we outline our strategy for the proof of Proposition \ref{CHprop}.
    78 Before diving into the details, we outline our strategy for the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:CH}.
    79 Let $p$ be a singular cell in $CH_k(X)$ and $b$ be a blob diagram in $\bc_*(X)$.
    79 Let $p$ be a singular cell in $CH_k(X)$ and $b$ be a blob diagram in $\bc_*(X)$.
    80 We say that $p\ot b$ is {\it localizable} if there exists $V \sub X$ such that
    80 We say that $p\ot b$ is {\it localizable} if there exists $V \sub X$ such that
    81 \begin{itemize}
    81 \begin{itemize}
    82 \item $V$ is homeomorphic to a disjoint union of balls, and
    82 \item $V$ is homeomorphic to a disjoint union of balls, and
    83 \item $\supp(p) \cup \supp(b) \sub V$.
    83 \item $\supp(p) \cup \supp(b) \sub V$.
   145 Because we want not mere homotopy uniqueness but iterated homotopy uniqueness,
   145 Because we want not mere homotopy uniqueness but iterated homotopy uniqueness,
   146 we will similarly require that $W$ be contained in a slightly larger metric neighborhood of 
   146 we will similarly require that $W$ be contained in a slightly larger metric neighborhood of 
   147 $\supp(p)\cup\supp(b)$, and so on.
   147 $\supp(p)\cup\supp(b)$, and so on.
   148 
   148 
   149 
   149 
   150 \medskip
   150 \begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{thm:CH}.]
   151 
       
   152 \begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{CHprop}.]
       
   153 We'll use the notation $|b| = \supp(b)$ and $|p| = \supp(p)$.
   151 We'll use the notation $|b| = \supp(b)$ and $|p| = \supp(p)$.
   154 
   152 
   155 Choose a metric on $X$.
   153 Choose a metric on $X$.
   156 Choose a monotone decreasing sequence of positive real numbers $\ep_i$ converging to zero
   154 Choose a monotone decreasing sequence of positive real numbers $\ep_i$ converging to zero
   157 (e.g.\ $\ep_i = 2^{-i}$).
   155 (e.g.\ $\ep_i = 2^{-i}$).
   593 The gluing map $X\sgl\to X$ induces a map
   591 The gluing map $X\sgl\to X$ induces a map
   594 \[
   592 \[
   595 	\gl:  R_*\ot CH_*(X, X) \otimes \bc_*(X)  \to R_*\ot CH_*(X\sgl, X \sgl) \otimes \bc_*(X \sgl) ,
   593 	\gl:  R_*\ot CH_*(X, X) \otimes \bc_*(X)  \to R_*\ot CH_*(X\sgl, X \sgl) \otimes \bc_*(X \sgl) ,
   596 \]
   594 \]
   597 and it is easy to see that $\gl(G^m_*)\sub \ol{G}^m_*$.
   595 and it is easy to see that $\gl(G^m_*)\sub \ol{G}^m_*$.
   598 From this it follows that the diagram in the statement of Proposition \ref{CHprop} commutes.
   596 From this it follows that the diagram in the statement of Theorem \ref{thm:CH} commutes.
   599 
   597 
   600 \todo{this paragraph isn't very convincing, or at least I don't see what's going on}
   598 \todo{this paragraph isn't very convincing, or at least I don't see what's going on}
   601 Finally we show that the action maps defined above are independent of
   599 Finally we show that the action maps defined above are independent of
   602 the choice of metric (up to iterated homotopy).
   600 the choice of metric (up to iterated homotopy).
   603 The arguments are very similar to ones given above, so we only sketch them.
   601 The arguments are very similar to ones given above, so we only sketch them.
   612 Using acyclic models, we can construct a homotopy from $e$ to $e'$ on $F_*$.
   610 Using acyclic models, we can construct a homotopy from $e$ to $e'$ on $F_*$.
   613 We now observe that $CH_*(X, X) \ot \bc_*(X)$ retracts to $F_*$.
   611 We now observe that $CH_*(X, X) \ot \bc_*(X)$ retracts to $F_*$.
   614 Similar arguments show that this homotopy from $e$ to $e'$ is well-defined
   612 Similar arguments show that this homotopy from $e$ to $e'$ is well-defined
   615 up to second order homotopy, and so on.
   613 up to second order homotopy, and so on.
   616 
   614 
   617 This completes the proof of Proposition \ref{CHprop}.
   615 This completes the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:CH}.
   618 \end{proof}
   616 \end{proof}
   619 
   617 
   620 
   618 
   621 \begin{rem*}
   619 \begin{rem*}
   622 \label{rem:for-small-blobs}
   620 \label{rem:for-small-blobs}
   628 of $p(t,|b|)$ with some small balls.
   626 of $p(t,|b|)$ with some small balls.
   629 (Here ``small" is in terms of the metric on $X$ that we chose to construct $e$.)
   627 (Here ``small" is in terms of the metric on $X$ that we chose to construct $e$.)
   630 \end{rem*}
   628 \end{rem*}
   631 
   629 
   632 
   630 
   633 \begin{prop}
   631 \begin{thm}
       
   632 \label{thm:CH-associativity}
   634 The $CH_*(X, Y)$ actions defined above are associative.
   633 The $CH_*(X, Y)$ actions defined above are associative.
   635 That is, the following diagram commutes up to homotopy:
   634 That is, the following diagram commutes up to homotopy:
   636 \[ \xymatrix{
   635 \[ \xymatrix{
   637 & CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(Y) \ar[dr]^{e_{YZ}} & \\
   636 & CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(Y) \ar[dr]^{e_{YZ}} & \\
   638 CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X) \ar[ur]^{e_{XY}\ot\id} \ar[dr]_{\mu\ot\id} & & \bc_*(Z) \\
   637 CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X) \ar[ur]^{e_{XY}\ot\id} \ar[dr]_{\mu\ot\id} & & \bc_*(Z) \\
   639 & CH_*(X, Z) \ot \bc_*(X) \ar[ur]_{e_{XZ}} &
   638 & CH_*(X, Z) \ot \bc_*(X) \ar[ur]_{e_{XZ}} &
   640 } \]
   639 } \]
   641 Here $\mu:CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z)\to CH_*(X, Z)$ is the map induced by composition
   640 Here $\mu:CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z)\to CH_*(X, Z)$ is the map induced by composition
   642 of homeomorphisms.
   641 of homeomorphisms.
   643 \end{prop}
   642 \end{thm}
   644 
   643 
   645 \begin{proof}
   644 \begin{proof}
   646 The strategy of the proof is similar to that of Proposition \ref{CHprop}.
   645 The strategy of the proof is similar to that of Theorem \ref{thm:CH}.
   647 We will identify a subcomplex 
   646 We will identify a subcomplex 
   648 \[
   647 \[
   649 	G_* \sub CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X)
   648 	G_* \sub CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X)
   650 \]
   649 \]
   651 where it is easy to see that the two sides of the diagram are homotopic, then 
   650 where it is easy to see that the two sides of the diagram are homotopic, then 
   655 By definition, $p\ot q\ot b\in G_*$ if there is a disjoint union of balls in $X$ which
   654 By definition, $p\ot q\ot b\in G_*$ if there is a disjoint union of balls in $X$ which
   656 contains $|p| \cup p\inv(|q|) \cup |b|$.
   655 contains $|p| \cup p\inv(|q|) \cup |b|$.
   657 (If $p:P\times X\to Y$, then $p\inv(|q|)$ means the union over all $x\in P$ of 
   656 (If $p:P\times X\to Y$, then $p\inv(|q|)$ means the union over all $x\in P$ of 
   658 $p(x, \cdot)\inv(|q|)$.)
   657 $p(x, \cdot)\inv(|q|)$.)
   659 
   658 
   660 As in the proof of Proposition \ref{CHprop}, we can construct a homotopy 
   659 As in the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:CH}, we can construct a homotopy 
   661 between the upper and lower maps restricted to $G_*$.
   660 between the upper and lower maps restricted to $G_*$.
   662 This uses the facts that the maps agree on $CH_0(X, Y) \ot CH_0(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X)$,
   661 This uses the facts that the maps agree on $CH_0(X, Y) \ot CH_0(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X)$,
   663 that they are compatible with gluing, and the contractibility of $\bc_*(X)$.
   662 that they are compatible with gluing, and the contractibility of $\bc_*(X)$.
   664 
   663 
   665 We can now apply Lemma \ref{extension_lemma_c}, using a series of increasingly fine covers, 
   664 We can now apply Lemma \ref{extension_lemma_c}, using a series of increasingly fine covers,