text/evmap.tex
changeset 437 93ce0ba3d2d7
parent 430 c5a35886cd82
child 438 0d62ea7c653d
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    11 We also will use the abbreviated notation $CH_*(X) \deq CH_*(X, X)$.
    11 We also will use the abbreviated notation $CH_*(X) \deq CH_*(X, X)$.
    12 (For convenience, we will permit the singular cells generating $CH_*(X, Y)$ to be more general
    12 (For convenience, we will permit the singular cells generating $CH_*(X, Y)$ to be more general
    13 than simplices --- they can be based on any linear polyhedron.
    13 than simplices --- they can be based on any linear polyhedron.
    14 \nn{be more restrictive here?  does more need to be said?})
    14 \nn{be more restrictive here?  does more need to be said?})
    15 
    15 
    16 \begin{prop}  \label{CHprop}
    16 \begin{thm}  \label{thm:CH}
    17 For $n$-manifolds $X$ and $Y$ there is a chain map
    17 For $n$-manifolds $X$ and $Y$ there is a chain map
    18 \eq{
    18 \eq{
    19     e_{XY} : CH_*(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X) \to \bc_*(Y)
    19     e_{XY} : CH_*(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X) \to \bc_*(Y)
    20 }
    20 }
    21 such that
    21 such that
    22 \begin{enumerate}
    22 \begin{enumerate}
    23 \item on $CH_0(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X)$ it agrees with the obvious action of 
    23 \item on $CH_0(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X)$ it agrees with the obvious action of 
    24 $\Homeo(X, Y)$ on $\bc_*(X)$ (Property (\ref{property:functoriality})), and
    24 $\Homeo(X, Y)$ on $\bc_*(X)$  described in Property (\ref{property:functoriality}), and
    25 \item for any compatible splittings $X\to X\sgl$ and $Y\to Y\sgl$, 
    25 \item for any compatible splittings $X\to X\sgl$ and $Y\to Y\sgl$, 
    26 the following diagram commutes up to homotopy
    26 the following diagram commutes up to homotopy
    27 \begin{equation*}
    27 \begin{equation*}
    28 \xymatrix@C+2cm{
    28 \xymatrix@C+2cm{
    29       CH_*(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X)
    29       CH_*(X, Y) \otimes \bc_*(X)
    33 }
    33 }
    34 \end{equation*}
    34 \end{equation*}
    35 \end{enumerate}
    35 \end{enumerate}
    36 Up to (iterated) homotopy, there is a unique family $\{e_{XY}\}$ of chain maps
    36 Up to (iterated) homotopy, there is a unique family $\{e_{XY}\}$ of chain maps
    37 satisfying the above two conditions.
    37 satisfying the above two conditions.
    38 \end{prop}
    38 \end{thm}
    39 
    39 
    40 Before giving the proof, we state the essential technical tool of Lemma \ref{extension_lemma}, 
    40 Before giving the proof, we state the essential technical tool of Lemma \ref{extension_lemma}, 
    41 and then give an outline of the method of proof.
    41 and then give an outline of the method of proof.
    42 
    42 
    43 Without loss of generality, we will assume $X = Y$.
    43 Without loss of generality, we will assume $X = Y$.
    73 
    73 
    74 The proof will be given in \S\ref{sec:localising}.
    74 The proof will be given in \S\ref{sec:localising}.
    75 
    75 
    76 \medskip
    76 \medskip
    77 
    77 
    78 Before diving into the details, we outline our strategy for the proof of Proposition \ref{CHprop}.
    78 Before diving into the details, we outline our strategy for the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:CH}.
    79 Let $p$ be a singular cell in $CH_k(X)$ and $b$ be a blob diagram in $\bc_*(X)$.
    79 Let $p$ be a singular cell in $CH_k(X)$ and $b$ be a blob diagram in $\bc_*(X)$.
    80 We say that $p\ot b$ is {\it localizable} if there exists $V \sub X$ such that
    80 We say that $p\ot b$ is {\it localizable} if there exists $V \sub X$ such that
    81 \begin{itemize}
    81 \begin{itemize}
    82 \item $V$ is homeomorphic to a disjoint union of balls, and
    82 \item $V$ is homeomorphic to a disjoint union of balls, and
    83 \item $\supp(p) \cup \supp(b) \sub V$.
    83 \item $\supp(p) \cup \supp(b) \sub V$.
   145 Because we want not mere homotopy uniqueness but iterated homotopy uniqueness,
   145 Because we want not mere homotopy uniqueness but iterated homotopy uniqueness,
   146 we will similarly require that $W$ be contained in a slightly larger metric neighborhood of 
   146 we will similarly require that $W$ be contained in a slightly larger metric neighborhood of 
   147 $\supp(p)\cup\supp(b)$, and so on.
   147 $\supp(p)\cup\supp(b)$, and so on.
   148 
   148 
   149 
   149 
   150 \medskip
   150 \begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{thm:CH}.]
   151 
       
   152 \begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{CHprop}.]
       
   153 We'll use the notation $|b| = \supp(b)$ and $|p| = \supp(p)$.
   151 We'll use the notation $|b| = \supp(b)$ and $|p| = \supp(p)$.
   154 
   152 
   155 Choose a metric on $X$.
   153 Choose a metric on $X$.
   156 Choose a monotone decreasing sequence of positive real numbers $\ep_i$ converging monotonically to zero
   154 Choose a monotone decreasing sequence of positive real numbers $\ep_i$ converging monotonically to zero
   157 (e.g.\ $\ep_i = 2^{-i}$).
   155 (e.g.\ $\ep_i = 2^{-i}$).
   592 The gluing map $X\sgl\to X$ induces a map
   590 The gluing map $X\sgl\to X$ induces a map
   593 \[
   591 \[
   594 	\gl:  R_*\ot CH_*(X, X) \otimes \bc_*(X)  \to R_*\ot CH_*(X\sgl, X \sgl) \otimes \bc_*(X \sgl) ,
   592 	\gl:  R_*\ot CH_*(X, X) \otimes \bc_*(X)  \to R_*\ot CH_*(X\sgl, X \sgl) \otimes \bc_*(X \sgl) ,
   595 \]
   593 \]
   596 and it is easy to see that $\gl(G^m_*)\sub \ol{G}^m_*$.
   594 and it is easy to see that $\gl(G^m_*)\sub \ol{G}^m_*$.
   597 From this it follows that the diagram in the statement of Proposition \ref{CHprop} commutes.
   595 From this it follows that the diagram in the statement of Theorem \ref{thm:CH} commutes.
   598 
   596 
   599 \todo{this paragraph isn't very convincing, or at least I don't see what's going on}
   597 \todo{this paragraph isn't very convincing, or at least I don't see what's going on}
   600 Finally we show that the action maps defined above are independent of
   598 Finally we show that the action maps defined above are independent of
   601 the choice of metric (up to iterated homotopy).
   599 the choice of metric (up to iterated homotopy).
   602 The arguments are very similar to ones given above, so we only sketch them.
   600 The arguments are very similar to ones given above, so we only sketch them.
   611 Using acyclic models, we can construct a homotopy from $e$ to $e'$ on $F_*$.
   609 Using acyclic models, we can construct a homotopy from $e$ to $e'$ on $F_*$.
   612 We now observe that $CH_*(X, X) \ot \bc_*(X)$ retracts to $F_*$.
   610 We now observe that $CH_*(X, X) \ot \bc_*(X)$ retracts to $F_*$.
   613 Similar arguments show that this homotopy from $e$ to $e'$ is well-defined
   611 Similar arguments show that this homotopy from $e$ to $e'$ is well-defined
   614 up to second order homotopy, and so on.
   612 up to second order homotopy, and so on.
   615 
   613 
   616 This completes the proof of Proposition \ref{CHprop}.
   614 This completes the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:CH}.
   617 \end{proof}
   615 \end{proof}
   618 
   616 
   619 
   617 
   620 \begin{rem*}
   618 \begin{rem*}
   621 \label{rem:for-small-blobs}
   619 \label{rem:for-small-blobs}
   627 of $p(t,|b|)$ with some small balls.
   625 of $p(t,|b|)$ with some small balls.
   628 (Here ``small" is in terms of the metric on $X$ that we chose to construct $e$.)
   626 (Here ``small" is in terms of the metric on $X$ that we chose to construct $e$.)
   629 \end{rem*}
   627 \end{rem*}
   630 
   628 
   631 
   629 
   632 \begin{prop}
   630 \begin{thm}
       
   631 \label{thm:CH-associativity}
   633 The $CH_*(X, Y)$ actions defined above are associative.
   632 The $CH_*(X, Y)$ actions defined above are associative.
   634 That is, the following diagram commutes up to homotopy:
   633 That is, the following diagram commutes up to homotopy:
   635 \[ \xymatrix{
   634 \[ \xymatrix{
   636 & CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(Y) \ar[dr]^{e_{YZ}} & \\
   635 & CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(Y) \ar[dr]^{e_{YZ}} & \\
   637 CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X) \ar[ur]^{e_{XY}\ot\id} \ar[dr]_{\mu\ot\id} & & \bc_*(Z) \\
   636 CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X) \ar[ur]^{e_{XY}\ot\id} \ar[dr]_{\mu\ot\id} & & \bc_*(Z) \\
   638 & CH_*(X, Z) \ot \bc_*(X) \ar[ur]_{e_{XZ}} &
   637 & CH_*(X, Z) \ot \bc_*(X) \ar[ur]_{e_{XZ}} &
   639 } \]
   638 } \]
   640 Here $\mu:CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z)\to CH_*(X, Z)$ is the map induced by composition
   639 Here $\mu:CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z)\to CH_*(X, Z)$ is the map induced by composition
   641 of homeomorphisms.
   640 of homeomorphisms.
   642 \end{prop}
   641 \end{thm}
   643 
   642 
   644 \begin{proof}
   643 \begin{proof}
   645 The strategy of the proof is similar to that of Proposition \ref{CHprop}.
   644 The strategy of the proof is similar to that of Theorem \ref{thm:CH}.
   646 We will identify a subcomplex 
   645 We will identify a subcomplex 
   647 \[
   646 \[
   648 	G_* \sub CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X)
   647 	G_* \sub CH_*(X, Y) \ot CH_*(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X)
   649 \]
   648 \]
   650 where it is easy to see that the two sides of the diagram are homotopic, then 
   649 where it is easy to see that the two sides of the diagram are homotopic, then 
   654 By definition, $p\ot q\ot b\in G_*$ if there is a disjoint union of balls in $X$ which
   653 By definition, $p\ot q\ot b\in G_*$ if there is a disjoint union of balls in $X$ which
   655 contains $|p| \cup p\inv(|q|) \cup |b|$.
   654 contains $|p| \cup p\inv(|q|) \cup |b|$.
   656 (If $p:P\times X\to Y$, then $p\inv(|q|)$ means the union over all $x\in P$ of 
   655 (If $p:P\times X\to Y$, then $p\inv(|q|)$ means the union over all $x\in P$ of 
   657 $p(x, \cdot)\inv(|q|)$.)
   656 $p(x, \cdot)\inv(|q|)$.)
   658 
   657 
   659 As in the proof of Proposition \ref{CHprop}, we can construct a homotopy 
   658 As in the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:CH}, we can construct a homotopy 
   660 between the upper and lower maps restricted to $G_*$.
   659 between the upper and lower maps restricted to $G_*$.
   661 This uses the facts that the maps agree on $CH_0(X, Y) \ot CH_0(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X)$,
   660 This uses the facts that the maps agree on $CH_0(X, Y) \ot CH_0(Y, Z) \ot \bc_*(X)$,
   662 that they are compatible with gluing, and the contractibility of $\bc_*(X)$.
   661 that they are compatible with gluing, and the contractibility of $\bc_*(X)$.
   663 
   662 
   664 We can now apply Lemma \ref{extension_lemma_c}, using a series of increasingly fine covers, 
   663 We can now apply Lemma \ref{extension_lemma_c}, using a series of increasingly fine covers,