text/intro.tex
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    42 \nn{some more things to cover in the intro}
    42 \nn{some more things to cover in the intro}
    43 \begin{itemize}
    43 \begin{itemize}
    44 \item related: we are being unsophisticated from a homotopy theory point of
    44 \item related: we are being unsophisticated from a homotopy theory point of
    45 view and using chain complexes in many places where we could be by with spaces
    45 view and using chain complexes in many places where we could get by with spaces
    46 \item ? one of the points we make (far) below is that there is not really much
    46 \item ? one of the points we make (far) below is that there is not really much
    47 difference between (a) systems of fields and local relations and (b) $n$-cats;
    47 difference between (a) systems of fields and local relations and (b) $n$-cats;
    48 thus we tend to switch between talking in terms of one or the other
    48 thus we tend to switch between talking in terms of one or the other
    49 \end{itemize}
    49 \end{itemize}
    50 
    50 
    51 \medskip\hrule\medskip
    51 \medskip\hrule\medskip
    52 
    52 
    53 \subsection{Motivations}
    53 \subsection{Motivations}
    54 \label{sec:motivations}
    54 \label{sec:motivations}
    55 
    55 
    56 [Old outline for intro]
    56 We will briefly sketch our original motivation for defining the blob complex.
    57 \begin{itemize}
    57 \nn{this is adapted from an old draft of the intro; it needs further modification
    58 \item Starting point: TQFTs via fields and local relations.
    58 in order to better integrate it into the current intro.}
       
    59 
       
    60 As a starting point, consider TQFTs constructed via fields and local relations.
       
    61 (See Section \ref{sec:tqftsviafields} or \cite{kwtqft}.)
    59 This gives a satisfactory treatment for semisimple TQFTs
    62 This gives a satisfactory treatment for semisimple TQFTs
    60 (i.e.\ TQFTs for which the cylinder 1-category associated to an
    63 (i.e.\ TQFTs for which the cylinder 1-category associated to an
    61 $n{-}1$-manifold $Y$ is semisimple for all $Y$).
    64 $n{-}1$-manifold $Y$ is semisimple for all $Y$).
    62 \item For non-semiemple TQFTs, this approach is less satisfactory.
    65 
       
    66 For non-semiemple TQFTs, this approach is less satisfactory.
    63 Our main motivating example (though we will not develop it in this paper)
    67 Our main motivating example (though we will not develop it in this paper)
    64 is the $4{+}1$-dimensional TQFT associated to Khovanov homology.
    68 is the (decapitated) $4{+}1$-dimensional TQFT associated to Khovanov homology.
    65 It associates a bigraded vector space $A_{Kh}(W^4, L)$ to a 4-manifold $W$ together
    69 It associates a bigraded vector space $A_{Kh}(W^4, L)$ to a 4-manifold $W$ together
    66 with a link $L \subset \bd W$.
    70 with a link $L \subset \bd W$.
    67 The original Khovanov homology of a link in $S^3$ is recovered as $A_{Kh}(B^4, L)$.
    71 The original Khovanov homology of a link in $S^3$ is recovered as $A_{Kh}(B^4, L)$.
    68 \item How would we go about computing $A_{Kh}(W^4, L)$?
    72 
       
    73 How would we go about computing $A_{Kh}(W^4, L)$?
    69 For $A_{Kh}(B^4, L)$, the main tool is the exact triangle (long exact sequence)
    74 For $A_{Kh}(B^4, L)$, the main tool is the exact triangle (long exact sequence)
    70 \nn{... $L_1, L_2, L_3$}.
    75 \nn{... $L_1, L_2, L_3$}.
    71 Unfortunately, the exactness breaks if we glue $B^4$ to itself and attempt
    76 Unfortunately, the exactness breaks if we glue $B^4$ to itself and attempt
    72 to compute $A_{Kh}(S^1\times B^3, L)$.
    77 to compute $A_{Kh}(S^1\times B^3, L)$.
    73 According to the gluing theorem for TQFTs-via-fields, gluing along $B^3 \subset \bd B^4$
    78 According to the gluing theorem for TQFTs-via-fields, gluing along $B^3 \subset \bd B^4$
    74 corresponds to taking a coend (self tensor product) over the cylinder category
    79 corresponds to taking a coend (self tensor product) over the cylinder category
    75 associated to $B^3$ (with appropriate boundary conditions).
    80 associated to $B^3$ (with appropriate boundary conditions).
    76 The coend is not an exact functor, so the exactness of the triangle breaks.
    81 The coend is not an exact functor, so the exactness of the triangle breaks.
    77 \item The obvious solution to this problem is to replace the coend with its derived counterpart.
    82 
       
    83 
       
    84 The obvious solution to this problem is to replace the coend with its derived counterpart.
    78 This presumably works fine for $S^1\times B^3$ (the answer being the Hochschild homology
    85 This presumably works fine for $S^1\times B^3$ (the answer being the Hochschild homology
    79 of an appropriate bimodule), but for more complicated 4-manifolds this leaves much to be desired.
    86 of an appropriate bimodule), but for more complicated 4-manifolds this leaves much to be desired.
    80 If we build our manifold up via a handle decomposition, the computation
    87 If we build our manifold up via a handle decomposition, the computation
    81 would be a sequence of derived coends.
    88 would be a sequence of derived coends.
    82 A different handle decomposition of the same manifold would yield a different
    89 A different handle decomposition of the same manifold would yield a different
    83 sequence of derived coends.
    90 sequence of derived coends.
    84 To show that our definition in terms of derived coends is well-defined, we
    91 To show that our definition in terms of derived coends is well-defined, we
    85 would need to show that the above two sequences of derived coends yield the same answer.
    92 would need to show that the above two sequences of derived coends yield the same answer.
    86 This is probably not easy to do.
    93 This is probably not easy to do.
    87 \item Instead, we would prefer a definition for a derived version of $A_{Kh}(W^4, L)$
    94 
       
    95 Instead, we would prefer a definition for a derived version of $A_{Kh}(W^4, L)$
    88 which is manifestly invariant.
    96 which is manifestly invariant.
    89 (That is, a definition that does not
    97 (That is, a definition that does not
    90 involve choosing a decomposition of $W$.
    98 involve choosing a decomposition of $W$.
    91 After all, one of the virtues of our starting point --- TQFTs via field and local relations ---
    99 After all, one of the virtues of our starting point --- TQFTs via field and local relations ---
    92 is that it has just this sort of manifest invariance.)
   100 is that it has just this sort of manifest invariance.)
    93 \item The solution is to replace $A_{Kh}(W^4, L)$, which is a quotient
   101 
       
   102 The solution is to replace $A_{Kh}(W^4, L)$, which is a quotient
    94 \[
   103 \[
    95  \text{linear combinations of fields} \;\big/\; \text{local relations} ,
   104  \text{linear combinations of fields} \;\big/\; \text{local relations} ,
    96 \]
   105 \]
    97 with an appropriately free resolution (the ``blob complex")
   106 with an appropriately free resolution (the ``blob complex")
    98 \[
   107 \[
   100 \]
   109 \]
   101 Here $\bc_0$ is linear combinations of fields on $W$,
   110 Here $\bc_0$ is linear combinations of fields on $W$,
   102 $\bc_1$ is linear combinations of local relations on $W$,
   111 $\bc_1$ is linear combinations of local relations on $W$,
   103 $\bc_2$ is linear combinations of relations amongst relations on $W$,
   112 $\bc_2$ is linear combinations of relations amongst relations on $W$,
   104 and so on.
   113 and so on.
   105 \item None of the above ideas depend on the details of the Khovanov homology example,
   114 
       
   115 None of the above ideas depend on the details of the Khovanov homology example,
   106 so we develop the general theory in the paper and postpone specific applications
   116 so we develop the general theory in the paper and postpone specific applications
   107 to later papers.
   117 to later papers.
   108 \end{itemize}
   118 
       
   119 
   109 
   120 
   110 \subsection{Formal properties}
   121 \subsection{Formal properties}
   111 \label{sec:properties}
   122 \label{sec:properties}
   112 We now summarize the results of the paper in the following list of formal properties.
   123 We now summarize the results of the paper in the following list of formal properties.
   113 
   124